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| Volkmann's Canals |
Communicating canals connecting adjacent central canals, allowing blood flow between osteons |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:11:37 GMT |
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| Canaliculi |
Small communicating canals connecting the osteocytes within the lacunae to the central blood vessels. allow an oteocyte's fine cellular extensions to radiate closer to the blood vessels allowing better diffusion and access to nutrients |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:10:49 GMT |
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| Lacunae |
Spaces within the matrix housing the osteocytes. As the osteoblasts secrete matrix, they eventually surround themselves in a small space called a lacuna and are then referred to as osteocytes. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:10:49 GMT |
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| Lamellae |
Concentric rings of bony matrix arranged around the central canal and resident blood vessels. Hollow spaces (lacunae) between the rings of matrix house the osteocytes. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:10:49 GMT |
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| Central Canal |
Forms center of the osteon. Open space in bony matrix allowing passage of nourishing blood vessels and nerves. Run longitudinally through the bone. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:10:49 GMT |
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| Osteoclasts |
Responsible for reabsorption of osseous tissue. Release acids onto bony matrix, dissolving and releasing calcium and phosphate minerals in the bone. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:06:19 GMT |
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| Osteocytes |
Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts. Reside within the lacunae within the bone matrix. Responsible for maintenance of surrounding osseous tissue. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:06:19 GMT |
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| Osteoblasts |
Active bone matrix forming cells. Responsible for producing the organic component of the matrix called the osteoid |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:06:19 GMT |
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| Osteoprogenitor Cells |
unspecialized bone cells derived from mesenchymal. Have potential to develop into active bone cells. Reside within the connective tissue surrounding the outside (periosteum) and inside (endosteum) of bone. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:06:19 GMT |
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| Osteon cell |
Central canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, Volkmann's canals |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:41 GMT |
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| Osseous Matrix |
Matrix made up of water, protein fibers and calcium minerals. Provides tensile strength, hardness and resistance to compression.
Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:41 GMT |
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| Bone Compact Supportive Connective Tissue |
Few spaces within bony matrix. Very regular arrangement of matrix and osseous cells. Concentric rings around a central canal. (tree stump) |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:41 GMT |
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| Carilage Elastic Supportive Connective Tissue |
Most flexible of cartilages.
Chrondrocytes
Elastic fibers (abundant)
Found: pinna of ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes, tip of nose
Function: support and maintain shape |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:41 GMT |
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| Cartilage Fibrocartilage Supportive Connective Tissue |
Strongest cartilage. Matrix mostly interwoven bundles of collagen fibers. Extremely durable and tough. Often confuse with Dense Regular CT, pay attention to lacunae (round, not flattened)
Chrondrocytes
Collagen fibers
Found: vertebral discs, pubic symphysis, knee (menisci)
Function: resist compression and prevent bone to bone contact, limit joint motion |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:52:48 GMT |
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| Cartilage Hyaline Supportive Connective Tissue |
Most abundant and weakest cartilage. Tough but somewhat flexible.
Chondrocytes (abundant)
Collagen fibers (not visible)
Found: ends of long bones, ends of ribs, nose, respiratory tract, embryonic skeleton
Function: provides stiff but somewhat flexible support and protection. Reduces friction |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:51:13 GMT |
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| Dense Elastic Connective Tissue Proper |
Fibroblasts
Elastic Fibers
Found: lung, arteries, trachea, bronchi, vocal chords, ligament of penis, between vertebrae
Function: provides elasticity and cushion |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:51:13 GMT |
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| Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Proper |
Fibroblasts
Collagen fivers arranged at oblique angles to each other. Form interwoven network (swirled)
Found: dermis of skin, sheath covering bones (periosteum) and capsule around carious organs
Function: provides strength to resist force applied in carious directions |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:51:13 GMT |
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| Dense Regular Connective Tissue Proper |
Fibroblasts with squished cell shape
Collagen fibers densely packed and arranged in parallel to each other
Found: tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis (flat tendon sheet)
Function: provides strong attachment and stabilization |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:40:20 GMT |
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| Loose Reticular Connective Tissue Proper |
Fibroblast cells (hair net)
Reticular fibers
Found: liver, lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, pancreas
Function: provide supportive framework for soft tissues |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:40:20 GMT |
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| Loose Adipose Connective Tissue Proper |
Adipocytes are closely associated. Large lipid storing vacuole, causing nucleus to be displaced to edge of cell.
Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers
Found: subcutaneous layer of skin, around body organs, and in shaft of long bones
Function: reduce heat loss, protect and cushion, energy reserve |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:40:20 GMT |
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| Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Proper |
Cells widely spaced. Fibroblasts, macrophages, mesenchymal, adipocytes, lymphocytes, and mast
Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers
Found: subcutaneous layer of skin, dermis of skin, around organs, blood vessels, and nerves
Function: provide cushion and support while allowing mobility "packing material" |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:40:20 GMT |
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Endocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Endocrine Gland |
Found: |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:28:47 GMT |
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Exocrine Apocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Apocrine Gland |
Apical regions of cells are packed with secretory product and section pinches off to be released. Large volume, no cell death.
Found: mammary glands, ear (ceruminous) glands |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:28:47 GMT |
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Exocrine Merocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Merocrine Gland |
Most common. Secrete product through process of exocytosis. Cells remain intact throughout secretory process, products diffuse through cell membrane into vesicles.
Found: sweat glands, salivary glands, and gastric glands |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:28:47 GMT |
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Exocrine Holocrine Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Holocrine Gland |
Whole cell (including nucleus) is released and ruptured to secrete product. Continuous cellular division and replacement of superficial cells.
Found: sebaceous oil glands within hair follicles |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:28:47 GMT |
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| Transitional Epithelial Tissue |
Multiple layers of cells of varying shapes (shape dependent on degree of stretch to tissue). When not stretched, apical cell are rounded (muffin tops) and basal cells are cuboidal or columnar. When stretched the apical cells are more elongated.
Found: lining the bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters
Function: allows tissue expansion and recoil without damage to the epithelium or restricting organ function. |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:17:29 GMT |
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| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue |
Single layer of column shaped cells, all attached to basal membrane but not all reach the apical surface. Nuclei located at different levels with the cell, created a layered appearance. Often have cilia.
Found: lining trachea, nasal passages, bronchi
Function: secretion and movement of surface molecules (protection) |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:17:29 GMT |
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| Stratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue |
Multiple layers of column shaped cells. High cellularity.
Found:
Function: |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:17:29 GMT |
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| Stratified Cubuoidal Epithelial Tissue |
Multiple layers of cube shaped cells. High cellularity.
Found:
Function: |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:17:29 GMT |
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| Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue |
Multiple layers of flattened cells (fried eggs). Cells at basal surface tend to be cuboidal or columnar and transition to squamous cells at the apcal surface. Can be keratinized and nonkeratinized.
Found: covers the body (skin), lines the mouth, throat, anus, vagina and esophagus
Function: protection (physical, chemical, infectious) |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:09:26 GMT |
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| Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue |
Single layer of column shaped cells. High cellularity. Nuclei closer to basal lamina.
Found: lining the intestine, stomach, and gallbladder
Function: protection, secretion, absorption |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:09:26 GMT |
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| Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue |
Single layer of cube shaped cells. High cellularity.
Found: in glands, kidney tubules, liver, and thyroid
Function: protection, secretion and absorption |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:09:26 GMT |
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| Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue |
Single layer of thin, flat, irregular shaped cells (fried eggs). High cellularity.
Found: lines blood vessels, body cavities, portions of kidney tubules
Function: protection and allows diffusion |
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bhoward86 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:09:26 GMT |
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