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| mutagen |
any agent that can cause a change in DNA |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 20:40:49 GMT |
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| chromosomal mutation |
a structural change in the chromosome |
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| frame shift mutation |
when a single base pair is added or deleted from DNA |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 20:40:49 GMT |
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| point mutation |
a change in a single base pair in DNA |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 20:40:49 GMT |
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| mutation |
is any change in the DNA sequence |
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| translation |
the process of converting information |
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| codon |
a group of nitrogenous bases |
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| transcription |
the process where enzymes make a RNA copy of a DNA strand |
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| tRNA |
is the supplier |
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| rRNA |
binds the mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble amino acids |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 20:40:48 GMT |
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| mRNA |
brings instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 20:40:48 GMT |
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| double helix |
is the two strands of DNA |
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| nitrogenous base |
a carbon ring ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen |
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| non disjunction |
the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:11 GMT |
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| genetic recombination |
the re assortment of chromosomes |
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| crossing over |
when genetic material is exchanged |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:11 GMT |
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| sexual reproduction |
a pattern of reproduction |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:11 GMT |
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| diploid |
two of each kind of chromosome |
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| the law of independent assortment states.... |
genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
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| heterozygous |
when both alleles differ |
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| homozygous |
when both alleles are the same |
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| genotype |
the allele combination in an organism |
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| phenotype |
the way an organism looks and behaves |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:11 GMT |
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| the law of segregation states... |
every individual has two alleles for each gene and when gametes are produced each gamete receives one of the alleles |
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| alleles |
different gene forms |
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| hybrid |
the offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait |
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| pollination |
the transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive system to a female reproductive system in a plant |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| zygote |
the fertilized cell |
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| fertilization |
when gametes unite |
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| gametes |
male and female sex cells |
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| genetics |
the branch of biology that studies heredity |
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| traits |
characteristics that are inherited |
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| heredity |
the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
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| alcoholic fermentation |
used by yeast cells and some bacteria to produce carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| lactic acid fermentation |
one of the processes that supplies energy when oxygen is scare |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| citric acid cycle |
also called the Krebs cycle
is a series of chemical reactions similar to the Calvin Cycle |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| glycolysis |
a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| cellular respiration |
the process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| the Calvin Cycle |
the second phase of photosynthesis which does not use sunlight |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| photolysis |
the reaction that splits water to replace lost electrons |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| electron transport chain |
a series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| chlorophyll |
absorbs most wavelengths of sunlight except green |
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| pigments |
molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| light-independent reactions |
produce simple sugars |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| light-dependent reactions |
converts light energy into chemical energy |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| Photosynthesis |
the process that uses the sun's energy to make simple sugars |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:10 GMT |
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| ATP |
an energy storing molecule |
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gamer0n1 Thu, 15 May 2008 19:51:09 GMT |
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