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| this scientist constructed the telescope and the and was the first to see living things in a water drop |
Anton van Leewenhoek |
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soccerchick138 Wed, 04 Feb 2009 11:13:35 GMT |
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| concluded that all animals are made of cells |
theodor schwann |
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soccerchick138 Wed, 04 Feb 2009 11:13:35 GMT |
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| concluded that all plants are made of cells |
Matthias Schledien |
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soccerchick138 Wed, 04 Feb 2009 11:13:35 GMT |
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| in 1665, this scientist used one of the first light microscopes to look at thin slices of plant tissue. he saw thousands of tiny chambers that looked like cells of a monestary room so he named them cells |
Robert Hooke |
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| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
catatlyst |
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soccerchick138 Tue, 03 Feb 2009 03:13:23 GMT |
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| element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
product |
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| process that changes one set of chemical sinto another set of chemicals |
chemical reaction |
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| compound with an amino gorup on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
amino acids |
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| single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
ribonucleic acid |
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| large macromolecule formed form monosaccrides |
polysaccharide |
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| large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
polymer |
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| macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
protein |
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| compound made up of carbonm hydroenm and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
carbohydrates |
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| group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
organ system |
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| group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |
organ |
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| double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
lipid bilayer |
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| proces in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell |
phagosytosis |
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| the ingestion of dissolved materials by endocytosis |
pinocytosis |
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| process by which a cell releases large amounts of material |
exosytosis |
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| process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane |
endocytosis |
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| energy requiring process that moves materials across a cell emebrane against a concentration difference |
active tranport |
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| movement of specific molecules across cel membranes thorugh protein channels |
facilitated diffusion |
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| property of biological membranes that allows only certain substances to pass through them |
selective permiability |
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| when the concentrations of water is eual on both sides |
isotonic |
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| when water moves across the membrane and into the cell |
hypotonic |
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| when water moves across the membrane and out of the cell |
hpertonic |
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| diffusion of water througha selectively permeable memnbrane |
osmosis |
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| when both sides of the membrane have a equal concentration |
equilibrium |
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| process by which molecules tend to move form an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
diffusion |
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| strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algaem and some bacteria |
cell wall |
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| idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure adn function in living things, and new cells are produced form existing cells |
cell theory |
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| one of two tiny stuctures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
centriole |
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| organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses eneryg form sunlight to make energy-rich food |
chloroplasts |
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| cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
lysosomes |
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| cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
vacuoles |
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| reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
substrate |
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| energy needed to get a reaction started |
activation energy |
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| element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
reactant |
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| protein that acts as a biological catatlyst |
enzyme |
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| nucleic acid that contains sugar deoxyribose |
deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) |
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| monomer od nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
nucleotide |
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| single sugar molecule |
monosaccharide |
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| small unit taht can join together with other small units to form polymers |
monomers |
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| macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
nucleic acid |
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soccerchick138 Tue, 03 Feb 2009 03:13:22 GMT |
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| macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms |
lipids |
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| group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
tissue |
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| sperate roles for each type of cell in multicellular organisms |
cell specialization |
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| cell organelle that releases energy form stored food molecules |
mitochondria |
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| the part of the endoplasmic riticulum taht is involved in the synthesis of proteins |
rough ER |
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| contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, such as the synthesis of lipids and they do not have ribosomes on its surface |
smooth ER |
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| internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
endoplasmic reticulum(ER) |
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| stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins |
golgi apperaratus |
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| small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
ribosome |
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| small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins |
nucleolus |
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| threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one gerneration of cells to the next |
chromosomes |
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| granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly colied around proteins |
chromatin |
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| double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of the cell |
nuclear envelope |
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| large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material(DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
nucleus |
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| specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
organelle |
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| long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell |
microfilaments |
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| hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a "track" along which organelles are moved |
microtubules |
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| network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cel movement |
cytoskeleton |
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| material inside the cell membrane-- but not including the nucleus |
cytoplasm |
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| thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
cell membrane |
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| single-celled mircoorganisms that lacks a nucleus |
prokaryotic cells |
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| organism whose cells contain nuclei |
eukaryotic cells |
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| collection of living matter enclosed by a carrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life |
cell |
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