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| what is the target material for a mammo machine |
molybenum |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:54:17 GMT |
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| what is the max mA for fluoro |
5mA |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:54:17 GMT |
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| what is the purpose of the tube rating charts |
it conveys what techniques are safe and what techniques are dangerous |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:36:14 GMT |
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| what are the three thickness ranges specified for fixed kV systems |
thin
average
thick |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 16:10:36 GMT |
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| where do you measure the body part with the calipers and what unit of measure is used |
measure along the course of the central ray in centimeters |
1 |
usnavalmd Tue, 10 Feb 2009 01:44:11 GMT |
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| what are the four principal charts for technique |
variable kV / fixed mA
fixed kV / variable mA
high kV
automatic exposure |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 16:10:36 GMT |
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| how do you fix the radiograph if the density is too light if using the 15% rule |
increase kVp by 15% |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:50:59 GMT |
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| how do you fix the radiograph if the density is too dark if using the 15% rule |
decrease kVp by 15% |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:50:59 GMT |
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| a decrease of kVp by 15% is equivalent to what mAs |
half mass |
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usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:50:59 GMT |
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| an increase of kVp by 15% is equivalent to what mAs |
doubling the mAs |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:50:59 GMT |
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| technique changes involving kVp affect |
penetration
scatter
patient dose |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:43:45 GMT |
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| kVp secondarily affects what |
beam quantity |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:43:45 GMT |
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| what are the image quality factors |
optical density
contrast
image detail
distortion |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:43:45 GMT |
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| does SID have an affect on radiation quality |
no |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 15:43:45 GMT |
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| what is the primary control of mA |
radiation quantity |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:10:28 GMT |
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| what is the primary control of kv |
beam quality |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:10:28 GMT |
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| mAs primarily affects what on a finished radiograph |
density |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:10:28 GMT |
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| kV primarily affects what on a finished radiograph |
contrast |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:10:28 GMT |
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| what are the three technique factors that affect radiographic technique |
exposure technique factors
patient factors
image quality factors |
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usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:07:12 GMT |
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| what are the advantages of a fixed kV system |
patient recieves lower doses
greater exposure latitude
more consistency with exposures of same anatomic part
measurement is not critical |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:07:12 GMT |
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| what is the method of selecting exposures that produce radiographs with longer scale of contrast |
fixed kV xray exposure system |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:07:12 GMT |
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| what are the four phases of standardization in xray exposure systems |
exposure factors (kVp, mAs, SID
radiography (screen vs grid/bucky)
positioning
processing |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 05 Feb 2009 14:07:12 GMT |
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| a device that converts the energy of the xray beam into visible light |
intensifying screen |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 17:04:07 GMT |
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| an extremely effective device for reducing the level of scatter radiation |
grid |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 17:04:07 GMT |
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| the blackening of the finished radiograph |
density |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 16:54:03 GMT |
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| the degree of difference between the light and dark areas of a radiograph |
contrast |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 16:54:03 GMT |
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| what type of radiographic rating chart contains: tube model type, Efs size, power supply, maximum allowable heat units generated per exposure, total # of exposures, number of exposures per second |
angiographic rating chart |
2 |
usnavalmd Mon, 09 Feb 2009 17:41:15 GMT |
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| what type of radiographic rating chart contains the similiar information as a angiographic rating chart |
cineradiographic chart |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 16:54:03 GMT |
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| what is the other radiographic rating chart that contains the same information found in the anode cooling chart |
housing heat storage chart |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:42:47 GMT |
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| what type of radiographic rating chart contains: heat units, time (minutes)-cooling time |
anode cooling chart |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:42:47 GMT |
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| what type of radiographic rating chart contains:focus size, type of rectification, exposure in time seconds, kV, mA station, tube design, cold vs hot tube, & power supply |
total anode heat loading chart |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:36:39 GMT |
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| what is the equation for figuring out heat units |
HU = kV x mA x s x constant
single phase- 1
triple phase, six pulse- 1.35
triple phase, twelve pulse- 1.41
high frequency- 1.45 |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:36:39 GMT |
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| what measures the heat capacity of the anode |
heat units |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:36:39 GMT |
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| what is the most frequent cause of tube failure |
open filament |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 15:36:39 GMT |
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| what is the percentage of decrease in diameter resulting from overheating of the filament that will cause filaments to break |
10% |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 14:51:31 GMT |
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| what is the common method used in radiography of infants that results in overheating of the filament |
boost and hold method |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 14:51:31 GMT |
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| what is a result of the boost and hold method |
overheating the filament |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 14:51:31 GMT |
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| in housing heat overload what is the effects of continuous heat delivery |
bearings fail
glass envelope cracks
tube housing failure |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 14:51:31 GMT |
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| what are the causes of tube failure |
1.temperature of anode is excessive during single exposure
2.rapid temperature increase
3.maintaining elevated anode temperatures for long periods
4.housing heat overload
5.overheating filament |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:58:58 GMT |
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| what do the xray tube rating charts convey |
which radiographic techniques are safe and which techniques are hazardous to the tube |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:58:58 GMT |
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| tube life is shortened how |
with inconsiderate use |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:58:58 GMT |
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| the length of xray tube life is primarily under control of who |
xray tech |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:58:58 GMT |
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| what are the factors that extend tube life for each exam |
mA
kVp
time |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:42:31 GMT |
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| a sustained luminous discharge of electricity across a gap in a circuit or between electrodes |
arcing |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:42:31 GMT |
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| what is the formula for using the pythagorean theorem to figure out the requirements for film coverage |
(A)2 + (B)2 = (C)2 |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:42:31 GMT |
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| the side of a right angled triangle that lies opposite the right angle |
hypotenuse |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 03:21:12 GMT |
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| in any right triangle the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the length of the two sides |
pythagorean theorem |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:07:26 GMT |
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| what is the formula used for figuring out the radiographic coverage of an xray beam |
RC = SID x tangent of target angle |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:07:26 GMT |
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| what is direct square relationship when talking about target angle |
decrease SID, decrease coverage using same target angle
increase SID, increase coverage using same target angle |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:07:26 GMT |
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| what is the direct relationship when talking about target angle |
decrease target angle, decrease xray coverage at the same SID
increase target angle, increase xray coverage at the same SID |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 18:07:26 GMT |
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| the area of exposure by the primary beam where technical factors affect that coverage which is normally shown by the collimated light field |
xray coverage |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 17:05:54 GMT |
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| what is required on all non mobile radiographic equiptment by federal law |
PBL - positive beam limiting device |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 17:05:54 GMT |
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| what is the best all around beam restrictor |
collimator |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 16:29:37 GMT |
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| what are the types of beam restrictors |
aperature diaphragm
cones & cylinders
collimators |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 16:29:37 GMT |
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| what are the two exposure factors affected by beam restricting devices |
1.decrease field size = increase exposure factors
2. loss of scatter results in loss of density |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 03:07:58 GMT |
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| what are the advantages of a smaller field |
1.smaller area of the patient exposed
2.decrease of 1/2 in xray beam diameter=decrease patient exposure
3.less scatter radiation
4.improves film quality |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 16:29:37 GMT |
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| what does the beam restricting device do |
regulate size and shape of xray beam |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:46 GMT |
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| what is the most common sheets of metal used for filtration |
aluminum |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:46 GMT |
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| what is the total filtration required for diagnostic radiology |
2.5mm of aluminum |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:46 GMT |
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| what is the formula for total filtration |
inherent filtration + added filtration = total filtration |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:46 GMT |
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| what are the types of added filtration |
collimator mirror
aluminum sheets
special purpose filters |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:45 GMT |
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| what are the types of inherent filtration |
tube window
immersion oil
tube housing
anything built into the machine |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:45 GMT |
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| what are the types of filtration |
inherent filtration
added filtration |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:45 GMT |
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| what are the effects of filtration |
decreases low energy photons in the primary beam
increases the average energy in the primary beam
increases the HVL |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 15:55:45 GMT |
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| used to reduce patient dose by beam modification |
filtration |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:09:54 GMT |
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| penetrating ability of xrays is decreased how |
by decreasing the kV |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:09:54 GMT |
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| penetrating ability of xrays is increased how |
by increasing the kV |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:09:54 GMT |
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| what are the factors that affect beam quality |
kVp
filtration
beam restriction devices |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:09:54 GMT |
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| the ability to penetrate matter |
quality (xray) |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:05:42 GMT |
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| energy associated with motion |
kinetic energy |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:05:42 GMT |
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| the thickness of a specified material which reduces the exposure rate to one half its initial value |
half value layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:05:42 GMT |
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| process of shaping the xray beam to increase the ratio of photons usefull for imaging to those photons that increase patient dose or decrease image contrast |
filtration |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 03 Feb 2009 13:05:42 GMT |
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| what is the equation for xray efficiency |
E = K x Z x KVP
E- efficiency in percent
K- constant = 1x10 to the -4
Z- atomic # of the target
KVP |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 18:25:37 GMT |
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| what is the efficiency of xray production |
a percentage of the kinetic energy of electrons is converted to xrays, the remainder is converted to heat |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 18:25:37 GMT |
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| to raise to a higher energy level |
excite |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 18:25:37 GMT |
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| an elementary particle consisting of a charge of negative electricity |
electron |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:27:36 GMT |
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| how much is the exposure reduced when the kV and mAs are held constant |
1/4 |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 18:17:01 GMT |
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| what is the formula for the inverse square law for fixing adjustments to the technique do to SID change |
I x d2 = i x D2
i / I = (D)2 / (d)2 |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 18:17:01 GMT |
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| what is the intensity or exposure rate of radiation at a given distance from a point source that is inversely proportional to the square of the distance |
inverse square law for fixing adjustments to the technique do to SID change |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 04 Feb 2009 03:16:32 GMT |
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| what is the formula for frequency and wavelengths(speed of electromagnetic radiation) |
c = f × λ
speed of xrays in vacuum of air(3x10 to the eigth m/s) = frequency in hz x wavelength in meters |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:20:15 GMT |
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| what is the relationship of frequency and wavelength |
frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:55:00 GMT |
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| what is the formula for photon energy |
E=hv
E= photon energy
h= plancks constant (4.15x10 negative 15th power)
v= frequency (hz) |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 06 Feb 2009 14:18:35 GMT |
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| what is planck's constant in relation to electromagnetic radiation |
photon energy is directly proportional to frequency |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:55:00 GMT |
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| a unit of length equal to one ten-billionth of a meter |
angstrom |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:21:53 GMT |
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| the entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extending from gamma rays to the longest radio waves and including visible light |
electromagnetic spectrum |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:21:53 GMT |
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| the number of complete oscillations per second of an electromagnetic wave |
frequency |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:21:53 GMT |
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| a quantum of radiant energy |
photon |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:21:53 GMT |
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| one of the very small increments or parcels into which many forms of energy are subdivided |
quantum |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:20:41 GMT |
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| the distance in the line of advance of a wave from any one point to the next point of corresponding phase |
wave length |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:20:41 GMT |
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| wavelike flucuations of electric and magnetic waves. they fluctuate perpendicular to thier direction as well as to each other |
electromagnetic radiation |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:20:41 GMT |
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| what is the composition of xrays |
1.belongs to the general category of electromagnetic radiation
2.behaves as waves and particles |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:20:41 GMT |
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| what is the usefull energy range for xrays |
25-120kV |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:18:33 GMT |
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| can xrays be deflected by electric or magnetic fields |
no |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:18:33 GMT |
|
| how do xrays travel |
in a straight line |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:18:33 GMT |
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| what are highly penetrating, invisible rays that are electrically neutral |
xrays |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:18:33 GMT |
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| what two chemical and biological changes do rays produce |
ionization
excitation |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:17:12 GMT |
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| what are the groups that the electromagnetic spectrum consists of |
gamma
xray
ultra violet
visible light
infrared
microwave |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:17:12 GMT |
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| what are the wavelengths of an xray measured in |
angstroms |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:17:12 GMT |
|
| what is the frequency of an xray measured in |
hertz |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 16:17:12 GMT |
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| what are the size of the focal spots of a mammography tube |
.8mm-2mm |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 13:02:01 GMT |
|
| what is the molybdenum anode used for in a mammographic tube |
to obtain high intensity within a narrow band of wavelengths |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 13:02:01 GMT |
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| what type of tube has closer anode-cathode spacing |
mammographic tube |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:52:51 GMT |
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| what type of tube produces an xray beam of soft radiation and low kV |
mammographic tube |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:52:51 GMT |
|
| what type of tube produce heat in a relatively small amount over a long period of time |
fluoroscopic tube |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:52:51 GMT |
|
| what type of xray tube uses a high speed anode, must allow for increased tube loading, and must withstand more heat |
angiographic xray tube |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:52:51 GMT |
|
| what is the function of a angiographic xray tube |
provides for multiple exposures during a short period of time |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:35:08 GMT |
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| what happens when the exposure switch is activated |
1. grid bias is reduced to almost zero
2. applied kV drives space charged electrons to the anode
3. preselected mAs value is reached |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:35:08 GMT |
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| what happens to the grid bias when the control switch is activated |
it is instantaneously dropped to zero |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:35:08 GMT |
|
| what are the two characteristics of grid bias in a grid controlled xray tube |
acts as a switch
voltage applied to the grid is -2kV |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:35:08 GMT |
|
| what are the four functions of a Grid Controlled xray tube |
1. start/stop discharge of capacitors
2. applied grid bias prevents electrons from passing to the anode
3. exposure switch is activated
4. exposure is stopped |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:24:39 GMT |
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| process of stopping the discharge of the capacitor at some preselected point on the discharge curve |
wave tail cutoff |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:19:35 GMT |
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| a radiography procedure which makes possible the visualization of organs in motion, positioning of the patient for the spot filming, instillation of an opaque media into hollow organs, insertion of catheters into artieries, and a variety of other procedures |
fluoroscopy |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:19:35 GMT |
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| the radiographic visualization of the blood vessels after the injection of a radiopaque substance |
angiography |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 12:19:35 GMT |
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