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history |
| what part of the UGI is shown for the RPO view of a follow up B.E. |
splenic flexure and decending colon |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 00:43:28 GMT |
 |
| what part of the UGI is shown for the LPO view of a follow up B.E. |
hepatic flexure and ascending colon |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 00:43:53 GMT |
|
| what is the tube angulation for the view of the pa/ap axial sigmoid |
PA 30-40 degrees caudal
AP 30-40 degrees cephalic |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 19:21:03 GMT |
|
| what is the optimal angle of the obliques for a barium enema |
45 degrees |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 19:21:03 GMT |
|
| what position demonstrates the splenic flexure the best |
RPO |
3 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 00:44:46 GMT |
|
| what position demonstrates the hepatic flexure the best |
LPO |
3 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 00:45:03 GMT |
|
| what is the treatment for perniscious enemia |
b12 |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 19:00:37 GMT |
|
| what are the two methods for administering an opaque contrast agent for an SBFT |
orally
enteroclysis (direct injection) |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:56:10 GMT |
|
| what is the degrees of rotation and the level of the central ray in an LPO position during a UGIS follow up exam |
30-60 degrees
level of L1 / L2 |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:53:34 GMT |
|
| what position best demonstrates the fundus of the stomach in an UGIS follow up exam |
LPO |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:53:34 GMT |
|
| what is the structure shown for an LPO projection in a UGIS follow up exam |
barium filled fundus |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 19:12:06 GMT |
|
| where is the central ray located for an AP projection in a UGIS follow up exam |
level of L1 / L2 |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:53:34 GMT |
|
| what structures are best viewed by a RLAT postion in the UGIS follow up exam |
anterior stomach
pyloric canal
duodenal bulb |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:51:50 GMT |
|
| where is the central ray for a RLAT in a UGIS follow up exam |
level of L1 / L2 |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:52:09 GMT |
|
| in an UGIS follow up exam what position affords the best image of the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb |
RLAT Projection |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:53:28 GMT |
|
| what structures are best demonstrated with the RAO position in an UGIS follow up exam |
pyloric canal
duodenal bulb
duodenal loop |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:53:04 GMT |
|
| where is the central ray for an RAO follow up exam of UGIS |
level of L1 / L2 & centered midway between the MSP and lateral border |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:38:06 GMT |
|
| what are the positions used for follow up views of the UGIS |
RAO, RLAT, AP, LPO |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:39:49 GMT |
|
| in a UGIS what is the patient asked to do to help coat the stomach with contrast |
roll 360 degrees when recumbent |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:38:06 GMT |
|
| what position is the patient started in in a UGIS |
erect |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:52:22 GMT |
|
| in a ugi exam what differs from a single contrast method to a double contrast method |
no EZ gas in a single contrast method |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:29:14 GMT |
|
| what are the two exam procedures, utilizing contrast, performed to evaluate the stomach |
single contrast
double contrast |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 01:54:46 GMT |
|
| in Upper GI Series (UGIS) what is the recommended contrast agent used |
EZ Gas bottle ( 1 thick & 1 thin )
cup of barium sulfate |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:29:14 GMT |
|
| what is the technique for drinking the contrast agent for a esophagram |
take in a deep breath blow it out, then drink the agent rapidly without breathing until told to stop when exposure is completed |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:29:14 GMT |
|
where is the central ray located for an esophagram in the position of :
RAO, RLAT, AP |
RAO- 2" left of the MSP at level of T5/T6
RLAT- mid coronal plane at level of T5/T6
AP- MSP at level of T5/T6 |
1 |
usnavalmd Sun, 25 Jan 2009 02:43:34 GMT |
|
| what level is the central ray for an esophagram |
T5 / T6 |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:18:13 GMT |
|
| what is the preferred position for an esophagram which allows complete filling of the esophagus utilizing gravity |
recumbent |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:18:13 GMT |
|
| what is the preferred oblique position for the esophagram exam because it allows unobstructed view of the esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart |
RAO |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:18:13 GMT |
|
| what are the secondary basics of room preparation for most exams of the GI system |
(CCSC)
contrast (sufficient amounts available)
compression paddle
scout films are available
cassettes (sufficient amounts available) |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:07:53 GMT |
|
| what are the first basics of room preparation for most exams of the GI system |
(FITPKL)
footboard
intensifier (turn on)
timer (fluoro set for 5 min)
KVP (between 100-1100)
lead |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:07:53 GMT |
|
| what should the patient be reminded of after completion of any examination using a contrast agent |
drink lots of water to prevent impaction |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 16:58:49 GMT |
|
| what are the three things to remember when scheduling an appointment for examinations of the alimentary tract |
1. appointments are done on a case by case basis
2. patient prep time should be considered
3. request for exam or consultation is required prior and must be authorized with an MD signature w/ proper PT HX |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:07:53 GMT |
|
| when are non barium contrast agents used in radiographic exams |
when a perforation of the GI tract is suspected |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:54:07 GMT |
|
| the rate at which barium sulfate passes through the GI system depends on what |
suspension
temperature
consistency
peristalsis (contraction & movement of bowels) |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:54:07 GMT |
|
| what is the contrast agent used for routine GI studies universally of the alimentary canal |
barium sulfate |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:54:07 GMT |
|
| when a patient is obliqued for a radiography of the alimentary canal what is the angle of elevation |
35-45 degrees |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:54:07 GMT |
|
| what determines the method used by a radiologist for different GI examinations |
PT condition
area of interest
PT mobility |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 01:42:57 GMT |
|
| the preliminary (scout) radiograph of the GI System should show the colon to be what |
free of gas, feces, and any radiopaque contrast agent |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 01:41:19 GMT |
|
| what is the maneuver demonstrating the complete closure of the glotttis |
valsalva maneuver |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:46:47 GMT |
|
| what is the injection of liquids into the intestines |
enteroclysis |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:46:47 GMT |
|
| what is the surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface |
colostomy |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:39:11 GMT |
|
| what is the method used to view for lesions beyond the duodenum and detection of pancreatic disease with a double contrast agent |
hypotonic duodenography |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:39:11 GMT |
|
| what is biphasic |
when both single and double contrast are used on the same day |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:39:11 GMT |
|
| double contrast utilizes what type of agents |
gaseous and opaque |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:39:11 GMT |
|
| single contrast only uses what type of agent, and is also known as what |
opaque contrast only
known as solid contrast |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:30:58 GMT |
|
| what is the term for an infection of the abdominal cavity, usually caused by a ruptured appendix |
peritonitis |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:30:58 GMT |
|
| what is the condition called for an inflamed appendix |
appendicitis |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:30:58 GMT |
|
| what is the wormlike structure located on the distal end of the cecum |
vermiform appendix |
0 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 13:30:58 GMT |
|
| what are the two names of the sphincters of the rectum |
ani internus
ani externus |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 20:26:45 GMT |
|
| what is the terminal portion of the large intestine |
rectum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 20:26:45 GMT |
|
| what part of the large intestines curves to form an "S" |
sigmoid |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 19:59:11 GMT |
|
| what are the three sections of the colon |
ascending
transverse
descending |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 19:59:11 GMT |
|
| what are the two flexures of the large intestines and what side of the body is each located on |
splenic flexure (left)
hepatic flexure (right) |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 19:59:11 GMT |
|
| what is the first portion of the large intestine but the last portion visualized during barium enemas |
cecum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 19:59:11 GMT |
|
| what is the first portion of the large intestine |
the cecum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 18:17:12 GMT |
|
| what are the divisions of the large intestines |
cecum
colon
sigmoid
rectum
vermiform appendix |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 18:17:12 GMT |
|
| what are the three main functions of the large intestines |
absorption of water
secretion of mucous
elimination of waste |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 18:17:12 GMT |
|
| what begins in the right iliac region of the terminal ilieum and is the distal portion of the alimentary canal |
large intestine |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 18:17:12 GMT |
|
| what are the three main functions of the small intestines |
digest food
absorbs the end products of digestion onto the blood lymph
secretes hormones |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:16:16 GMT |
|
| what are the vascular projections of the small intestines called |
villi |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:16:16 GMT |
|
| what guards the opening between the ileum and the first portion of the large intestines |
ileocecal valve |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:16:16 GMT |
|
| what is the third section of the small intestine called |
ileum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:16:16 GMT |
|
| what is the sharp curve where the first two sections of the small intestine connect |
duodenojejunal flexure |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 30 Jan 2009 00:26:12 GMT |
|
| what is the second portion of the small intestines |
jejunum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:11:06 GMT |
|
| what is the first, most proximal portion of the duodenum called |
duodenal bulb |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:11:06 GMT |
|
| what are the three divisions of the small intestines |
duodenum
jejunum
ileum |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 22 Jan 2009 16:11:06 GMT |
|
| what is the milky white material known as, that the gastric juices of the stomach forms after being mixed with food |
chyme |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 14:29:33 GMT |
|
| what is the hormone that the stomach produces in cells within the pyloric region |
gastrin |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:13:22 GMT |
|
| achlorhydria is a characteristic of what condition |
pernicious anemia |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:13:22 GMT |
|
| what is it called when the atrophy of gastric mucosa results in a decrease in gastric enzymes and hydrochloric acid in the stomach |
achlorhydria |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:13:22 GMT |
|
| which type of secretory cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid |
parietal cells |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:07:25 GMT |
|
| which type of secretory cells in the stomach are also known as zymogenic cells and secrete enzymes of gastric juices |
chief cells |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 17:52:15 GMT |
|
| what are the two major secretory cells contained in the gastric glands of the stomach |
chief cells
parietal cells |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:07:25 GMT |
|
| what is the inner most layer of the stomach |
mucousal layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:07:25 GMT |
|
| which is the most outer layer of the stomach |
serosa |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:02:45 GMT |
|
| what are the three muscle tissue types that the muscular layer of the stomach is divided into |
longitudinal
circular
oblique |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 17:47:34 GMT |
|
| what are the four layers of the stomach |
serosa
muscular layer
submucous layer
mucousal layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 02:02:45 GMT |
|
| what is pyloric stenosis characterized by |
projectile vomiting
failure to thrive (grow)
a palpable knot in the abdomen |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 20:50:06 GMT |
|
| what is the condition found in infants that makes this sphincter of such clinical importance |
pyloric stenosis |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:58:00 GMT |
|
| what are the two sphincter muscles of the stomach |
cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphinctor |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:58:00 GMT |
|
| what is the larger convex curvature of the stomach |
greater curvature |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:58:00 GMT |
|
| what is the smaller concave curvature of the stomach called |
lesser curvature |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:58:00 GMT |
|
| what are the four anatomical parts of the stomach |
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:53:39 GMT |
|
| what portion or amount of the stomach lies in the right hypochondrium region |
1/6 |
1 |
usnavalmd Thu, 29 Jan 2009 02:16:00 GMT |
|
| what lies in the upper part of the abdominal cavity under the liver and diaphragm |
stomach |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:53:39 GMT |
|
| which portion of the peritoneal cavity attaches from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the doudenum |
lesser omentum |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:53:39 GMT |
|
| which portion of the peritoneal cavity has the appearance of an apron hanging loosely over the intestines |
greater omentum |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:48:39 GMT |
|
| which portion of the peritoneal cavity attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall |
transverse mesocolon |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:48:39 GMT |
|
| which portion of the peritoneal cavity is a sling like projection of parietal peritoneum form the lumbar region to the posterior abdominal wall |
mesentary |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:48:39 GMT |
|
| what are the four different portions of the peritoneal cavity |
mesentary
transverse mesocolon
greater omentum
lesser omentum |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:48:39 GMT |
|
| what is another name for the abdominal cavity |
peritoneal cavity |
1 |
usnavalmd Sat, 24 Jan 2009 15:15:31 GMT |
|
| what is the serous outer coat of the organs called |
visceral layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:40:37 GMT |
|
| what is the large continuous sheet of serous membranes which line the walls of the entire abdominal cavity called |
parietal layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:40:37 GMT |
|
| what is the short dilated end of the esophagus called |
cardiac antrum |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:40:37 GMT |
|
| what is the area of the esophagus that passes through the diaphragm called |
esophageal or hiatal opening |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 17:49:05 GMT |
|
| what is the collapsible tube that conveys masticated food from the mouth to the stomach |
esophagus |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:35:36 GMT |
|
| what are the pair of rod shaped structures located near the base of the epiglottis |
cunieform |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:35:36 GMT |
|
| what are the small conical shaped cartilages of the larynx |
corniculates |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:35:36 GMT |
|
| what are the most important of the paired laryngeal cartilages |
arytenoids |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:30:51 GMT |
|
| what is the cartilage of the larynx that represents a signet ring |
cricoid cartilage |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:30:51 GMT |
|
| what is the leaf shaped cartilage in the larynx that prevents the aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs |
epiglottis |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:30:51 GMT |
|
| what is the largest of the nine cartilage of the larynx |
thyroid cartilage |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:30:51 GMT |
|
| what are the two types of tissue folds in the larynx |
false vocal cords
true vocal cords |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:26:57 GMT |
|
| what is the main function of the larynx |
respiration |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:26:57 GMT |
|
| what is also know as the voice box and consists of nine connecting cartilages |
larynx |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:26:57 GMT |
|
| what are the three anatomical portions that the pharynx is divided into |
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:26:57 GMT |
|
| what is the elastic tube which is utilized by both the digestive and respiratory systems |
pharynx |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:21:24 GMT |
|
| what are the papillae that are white filamentous structures that are distributed over two thirds of the tongue |
filiform |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:21:24 GMT |
|
| what papillae are found on the sides and apex of the tongue and have the taste buds located on them |
fungiform |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:21:24 GMT |
|
| what type of papillae form an inverted "v" shape on the tongue |
circumvallate |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:21:24 GMT |
|
| what are the three types of papillae on the tongue |
circumvallate
fungiform
filiform |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:15:31 GMT |
|
| what are the rough elevations on the surface of the tongue called |
papillae |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:15:31 GMT |
|
| which muscle of the tongue is important during deglutition and speech |
extrinsic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:15:31 GMT |
|
| what two types of muscles is the tongue divided into |
intrinsic
extrinsic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:15:31 GMT |
|
| what are the structures that form the buccal cavity |
lips
cheeks
tongue
palates |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:11:30 GMT |
|
| what are the major components of the GI system |
mouth (buccal cavity)
tongue
pharynx
larynx
esphophagus
peritoneal cavity
stomach
small intestines
large intestines |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:11:30 GMT |
|
| how long is the alimentary canal and where does it extend to and from |
29-30 feet long from mouth to anus |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:11:30 GMT |
|
| what are the four layers of tissue which compose the alimentary canal |
mucous lining (inner)
submucous coat
muscular coat
fibroserous coat (outer) |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:11:30 GMT |
|
| the main organs of digestion form a tube known as what |
the alimentary canal |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:02:50 GMT |
|
| who's function is to prepare food for absorption by altering the chemical and the physical composition of food so it can be utilized by body cells |
gastrointestinal system |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 16:46:19 GMT |
|
| which addison's planes are the vertical lines that pass through the midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis |
right and left sagittal planes |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:02:50 GMT |
|
| what addison's plane joins the tubercles on the iliac crest |
transtubercle plane |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 01:02:50 GMT |
|
| what addison plane extends transversely midway between the manubrium notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis |
transpyloric plane |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:55:58 GMT |
|
| what are the planes that separate the abdomen known as |
addison's planes |
1 |
usnavalmd Sun, 25 Jan 2009 02:36:03 GMT |
|
| what are the regions of the lower abdomen |
Right Iliac
Hypogastrium
Left Iliac |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:55:58 GMT |
|
| what are the regions of the middle abdomen |
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:55:58 GMT |
|
| what are the regions of the upper abdomen |
Right Hypochondrium
Epigastrium
Left Hypochondrium |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| how many regions is the abdomen divided into |
9 |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| which body habitus is the massive type and represents 5% of the total population |
hyperasthenic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| which body habitus is slender and represents 10% of the total population |
asthenic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| which body habitus is more slender than the sthenic, but more massive than the asthenic and represents 35% of the total population |
hyposthenic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| which body habitus is the most common type and represents 50% of the total population |
sthenic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what are the four body habitus of the stomach |
sthenic
hyposthenic
asthenic
hypersthenic |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what is esophageal varices |
enlarged tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what is egestion |
evacuation of waste or undigested material |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what is deglutition |
swallowing |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what is insalivation |
mixing with saliva |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
| what is mastefication |
chewing |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 21 Jan 2009 00:47:31 GMT |
|
