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| was a United States labor leader and president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1898 to 1908. |
John Mitchell– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| Old Guard and tried to bloc all progressive bills |
Joseph Cannon– |
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| – It prohibited rebates and pools and required the railroads to publish their rates openly. It also forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for a short haul than for a long haul one over the same line. |
Interstate Commerce Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| further extended the regulatory ability of the ICC. It allowed them to regulate cable and wireless companies dealing with telephone and telegraph lines. The ICC was also given greater rate-setting power as well as the ability to begin court proceedings against companies disputing the new rates. |
Mann-Elkins Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – Passed in 1905 was a statute enacted by the U.S. Congress, which sought to address the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children. Prohibits children in mines under 16 and under 16 no more than 8 hours a day. |
Keating-Owen Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| examined monetary data collected by the Pujo Committee and recommended a new form of banking. This advice, suggesting a secure Treasury reserve and branch banks, later became the Federal Reserve System, used to adjust the value of money to keep the economy stable. |
National Monetary Commission – |
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| – Gives tenant farmers renting land. Also store nonperishable crops in government owned warehouses and pay storage fee.—Farmers could borrow against the security of staple crops stored in warehouses. |
Warehouse Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| created a system of agricultural extension work funded by federal grants. Students not in college benefited because they were taught agricultural skills by county agents. It was part of the governments plan to encourage a growth in American agriculture. Federal/State match for Agriculture programs for colleges. |
Smith-Lever Act– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – Federal/State match for Agriculture and Industrial Arts program in Public Schools. |
Smith- Hughes Act |
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| 1906- It stated that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection. |
Federal Meat Inspection Act– |
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| Requires annual reports for business and investigates the activities of people or organization.—can cease and assist business— |
Federal Trade Commission– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| Trust in which America’s top businessmen were pooling over 1 Billion. |
Money Trust– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| –a strike broke out in the anthracite coalmines of Pennsylvania, and some 140,000 workers demanded a 20% pay increase and the reduction of the workday to 9 hours. Owners refused to negotiate and the lack of coal during that winter, TR threatened to seize the mines and operate them with federal troops if he had to in order to keep it open and the coal coming to the people, Workers got a 10% increase and a 9-hour workday. |
Coal Strike of 1902 |
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| Any case involving Sherman-Anti Trust Act goes straight to Supreme Court. |
Expedition Act– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – overall change in the attitude of society. Reformists. Muckrakers tried to spread progressive message. |
Progressive Movement |
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program that consisted of 3 parts: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources.
(Roosevelt, on a speaking tour against the Northern Securities Company, called for a "square deal." This progressive concept denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trustbusting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good. TR’s campaign was the square deal for everybody. For capital, labor, and public at large. An agreement that is made fairly between businesses and the consumers and workers.) |
Square Deal– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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– The Democratic representative in the presidential elections of 1912 and 1916. He was elected into the presidency as a minority president. He was an aggressive leader and believed that Congress could not function properly without good leadership provided by the president. His progressive program was known as New Freedom and his foreign policy program was Moral Diplomacy. He was president during World War I. (1856-1924) President of the United States during World War I. He was one of the formulators of the Treaty of Versailles. He also proposed a regulating body of nations to avoid future conflicts through diplomacy in his 14 Points Speech.
(He was born in Virginia and was raised in a very religious family. He was widely known for his political sermons.) |
Woodrow Wilson |
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| It created a regulatory agency for banking with 12 regional reserve districts. Each bank was independent but was controlled by the Federal Reserve Board, which was controlled by the public. |
Federal Reserve Act– |
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| – Wilson's policy that favored the small business, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets. |
New Freedom |
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| – substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment. |
Underwood Tariff |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – this helped to control monopolies by lengthening the Sherman Act's list of business practices that were objectionable (interlocking directorates). It exempted labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution; legalized strikes and peaceful picketing. |
Clayton Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| –was a holding company in 1902. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt, his first trust-bust. (Organized by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill.) |
The Northern Securities Company |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Republican Party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff). |
Payne-Aldrich Tariff |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| –Governor of Wisconsin nicknamed “Fighting Bob" who was a progressive Republican leader. His "Wisconsin Idea" was the model for state progressive government. |
Robert M. La Follete |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| –He was the author of the sensational novel, THE JUNGLE, published in 1906. His intention was to describe the conditions of canning factory workers. Instead, Americans were disgusted by his descriptions of dirty food production. His book influenced consumers to demand safer canned products. |
Upton Sinclair |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – the process of petitioning a legislature to introduce a bill. It was part of the Populist Party's platform in 1891, along with referendum and recall. These all intended to make the people more responsible for their laws and allow them to make political decisions rather than the legislature. |
Initiative |
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| It was adopted in 1913 and stated that Congress shall have the power to lay and collect income taxes. This amendment was passed because earlier the Supreme Court had declared that an income tax was unconstitutional. It was part of the progressive movement. It was created to shift the burden of taxes to the wealthy. |
Sixteenth Amendment– |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| – nickname given to young reporters of popular magazines. These magazines spent a lot of money on researching and digging up "muck," hence the name muckrakers. This name was given to them by Pres. Roosevelt- 1906. These investigative journalists were trying to make the public aware of problems that needed fixing. |
Muckrakers |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 22:24:12 GMT |
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| A second election could be called by the people, and could possibly remove an incompetent politician from office. |
Recall– |
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| –A direct vote by the people on an issue of public policy such as laws. |
Referendum |
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| – the nomination of a party’s candidate for office through special election of that party’s voters. |
Direct Primary |
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| – designed to take politics out of municipal administration. Galveston, TX 1901 appointed expert-staffed commissions to manage urban affairs to stop corruption of machine oiled city gov. |
City-manager system |
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