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| – Site of the “massacre” of the Lakota Sioux Indians; term “massacre” is used as propaganda to emphasize the harsh acts of General Nelson A. Miles; caused by the United States government’s desire to gain all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans |
Wounded Knee |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 21:43:16 GMT |
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| – 25th president; gold standard platform; began the progressive era; president during the Spanish-American War; gained the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hawaii, Midway; assassinated |
William McKinley |
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| – Democratic Presidential candidate; advocate of free silver, anti-imperialism, and trust busting |
William Jennings Bryan |
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| – Civil liberties activist; editor of the NAACP publications; debates with Booker T. Washington were vital in influencing the actions blacks would take to rise up and overcome |
William E.B. DuBois |
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| – Supreme Court case that states that an individual state can only control intrastate trade |
Wabash Case |
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| It was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production. |
Vertical Consolidation(Integration) – |
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| – Founder of the Knights of Labor |
Uriah Stephens |
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| Employees hired must join a collective bargaining union in order to maintain their jobs. |
Union Shop – |
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– Leader of the Knights of Labor; successor of Uriah Stephens.
(was an Irish-American leader of the Knights who won many strikes for the eight-hour work day. Powderly led the Knights to become a major power in gaining rights for the workers in factories. |
Terrance Powderly |
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– Used to limit the number of monopolies in America; generalized the definitions of a monopoly.
1890 was signed into a law; it forbade combinations in restraint of trade; without any distinction between “good” and “bad” trusts. Wasn’t enforced until 1914.) |
Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 21:43:16 GMT |
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– Founder of the American Federation of Labor.
(Is responsible for the formation of one of the first labor unions. The American Federation of Labor worked on getting people better hours and better wages. The formation of this triggered the formation of various others that would come later.) |
Samuel Gompers |
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| – Up rise of the Populist Party of America |
Populist Movement |
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| – Established the United States Civil Service Commission which ended the spoils system. |
Pendleton Act |
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| – Convention for Populist Party ideas in 1892; written by Ignatius Donnelly; wanted the people to run the government – supported the Knights of Labor. |
Omaha Platform |
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| – Founder of the Grange Movement/Patrons of Husbandry. |
Oliver Kelly |
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| – Supreme Court decision in Illinois that questions the constitutionality of the Granger Laws |
Munn V. Illinois |
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| – 1890 boosted rates up to 48.4%––the highest level yet, Farmers lost the most from this tariff. |
McKinley Tariff Bill |
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| – Founded in 1869 by Uriah Stephens to protect all workers; wanted equal pay for equal work, eight hour work day, ending child labor, use arbitration instead of strikes.Led by Terence V Powderly. Almost everyone could join and only campaigned for economic and social reform. Won a number of strikes for the eight-hour day and when they staged a successful strike against Jay Gould. Consisted of everyone. |
Knights of Labor |
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– Founder of Standard Oil Company; used horizontal consolidation to create a monopoly.
He was a man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio, in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877, he controlled 95% of all the refineries in the United States. It achieved important economies both home and abroad by it’s large scale methods of production and distribution. He also organized the trust and started Horizontal Integration.) |
John D. Rockefeller |
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| – Among the people who were deeply dedicated to uplifting the urban masses. Founded Hull House in 1889 to teach children and adults skills and knowledge that they would need to survive and succeed in American. |
Jane Addams |
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| – Populist Party Candidate in 1892; member of the Greenback Party while in the House of Representatives. Greenback candidate in 1880. |
James Weaver |
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| – He was a banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. He bought out Carnegie and in 1901 he started the United States Steel Corporation. |
JP Morgan |
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| – Situation where a member of the board of directors for a corporation serves on multiple boards of directors. |
Interlocking Directorate |
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| – A company that does not produce any products; solely purchases company stocks to gain control of others’ profits. |
Holding Company |
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| – In Chicago, home to about 80,000 Knights and a few hundred anarchists that advocated a violent overthrow of the American government. May 4, 1886 Chicago police were advancing on a meeting that had been called to protest brutalities by authorities when a dynamite bomb was thrown, killing or injuring several dozen people. Associated the Knights of Labor with anarchists and lowered their popularity and effectiveness. |
Haymarket Square Bombing |
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22nd president of the US; intervened during the Pullman Strike to maintain the flow of the railroad system, which angered Labor Unions.
was the democratic presidential candidate for the 1884 election. His republican opponent, James G. Blaine, was involved in several questionable deals but Cleveland had an illegitimate child. Consequently, the election turned into a mudslinging contest. Cleveland won, becoming the first democratic president since Buchanan. He took few initiatives, but he was effective in dealing with excessive military pensions. He placated both North and South by appointing some former Confederates to office, but sticking mostly with Northerners |
Grover Cleveland – |
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| –Founded by Oliver Kelly; used to improve the income and profits of the farmer; opposed by the railroad industry. Was formed to help farmers combat railroad monopolies and corruption, but they were stopped when the Supreme Court issued its ruling in the Wabash case. |
Grange |
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| 1894 by Democrats- Cleveland. New bill even included a 2% tax on $4000+ incomes Amended 630 times thus, this bill fell quite short of providing a low tariff, though it was lowered down to 41.3% on dutiable goods. 1895, though the Supreme Court struck down the graduated income tax portion |
Wilson-Gorman Tariff |
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| A period in US history c1869-1889 that seemed alright on the outside but was politically corrupt internally. This period, although tainted by various political schemes, led to the development of many new industries.Led to the appearance of the Second Industrial Revolution. |
Gilded Age |
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| American Socialist; Head of Railway Workers Union; Co-founder of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the International Labor Union |
Eugene V. Debs |
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| passed in 1897, proposed new high tariff rates to generate enough revenue to cover the annual Treasury deficits |
Dingley Tariff |
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| President had power to survey and divide Native American lands for use. Could put Native Americans on reservations in order to isolate them from government activies in the West. |
Dawes Act |
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| – A railroad construction company that consisted of many of the insiders of the Union Pacific Railway. The company hired themselves to build a railroad and made incredible amounts of money from it. In merely one year they paid dividends of 348 percent. In an attempt to cover themselves up they paid key Congressmen and even the Vice-President stocks and large dividends. All of this was exposed in the scandal of 1872. |
Credit Mobilier Scandal |
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| Entity created under federal or provincial statutes. Because the corporation is a separate entity from its owners, shareholders have no legal liability for its debts |
Corporation |
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| He established a shipping-land transit across Nicaragua after the gold rush. He built a railway that connected New York to Chicago in 1873. He offered superior service at low rates and was extremely successful. |
Cornelius Vanderbilt |
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| employees must be union members if they wanted to be hired |
Closed Shop |
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| Reduced citizenship requirements for Native Americans; citizenship could only be granted if filed on an individual basis, |
Burke Act |
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tanujrocks Thu, 15 Jan 2009 21:43:15 GMT |
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| Founder of National Negro Business League; believed that blacks should deal with the Jim Crow laws for the time being until they could rise up and overcome. He believed that blacks must first gain economic equality before they gain social equality. He was President of the Tuskegee Institute. |
Booker T. Washington |
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| list of troublesome union members for company workers to avoid future problems |
Blacklist |
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| Steel king; integrated every phase of his steel-making operation. Ships, railroads, etc. pioneered “Vertical Integration”; his goal was to improve efficiency by making supplies more reliable steal controlling the quality of the product at all stages of production and eliminating the middle man. |
Andrew Carnegie |
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| One of the first labor unions in the United States; founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. They wanted better wages, hours, and working conditions and were composed of skilled laborers. |
American Federation of Labor |
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