| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| Booker T. Washington |
graduated from hampton Institue;
established an industrial and agricultural school at Tuskegee, Alabama
organized the National Negro Business League |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:47:54 GMT |
 |
| ida b. wells, editor of the Memphis Free Speech, a black newspaper |
devoted her efforts to campaigning against lynching and the Jim Crow laws later carried her work to the North due to discrimination |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:47:54 GMT |
|
| bishop henry turner |
formed the international migration society in 1894 to help american blacks emigrate to africa |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:40:55 GMT |
|
| economic discrimination of af ams |
kept out of skiled trades and factory jobs |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:40:55 GMT |
|
| treatments of black in the courts |
-barred from serving in juries
-they were given stiffer penalties than whites
-accused of crimes and not given a court-ordered sentence |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:40:55 GMT |
|
| black voters were registered in 1896 but were denied their rights to vote |
-literacy tests
-poll taxes
=grandfather clauses, allowed a man to vote only if his g'father had cast ballots in the elections b4 reconstruction |
0 |
rachix37 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 14:40:55 GMT |
|
| JIM CROW LAWS |
segregation laws adopted by S
-bathrooms, drinking fountains, parkbenches |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 21:01:23 GMT |
|
| Plessy V. Ferguson |
supreme court upheld a louisiana law requiring seperate but equal accomidations for white and black passengers on RR
-did not violate 14th amendment |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 21:01:23 GMT |
|
| Supporters of Redeemers |
1. business community
2. white supremacists who favored policies of segregating public facilities for blacks |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 20:59:38 GMT |
|
FARMERS' S ALLIANCE CLAIMED 1MIL MEMBERS
COLORED FARMER'S NATIONAL ALLIANCE 250,000 MEMBERS |
both rallied behind political reforms to solve farmers' economic props |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 20:59:38 GMT |
|
| Causes of S poverty |
S had a late start at industrialization
poorly educated work force
small number of S had technological skills for industry |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 20:59:38 GMT |
|
| S had large agricultural section but was poorest region b/c |
-N financing dominated S economy
-N investors controlled 3/4 of S's RR and had control of S steel industry
-profits from new inudstries went to N banks |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 20:59:38 GMT |
|
| S had large agricultural section but was the poorest region b/c: |
N financing dominated S economy and N investors controlled 3/4 of S RR and had control of S steel industry |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 19:32:18 GMT |
|
| RR gave boost to New S |
RR companies converted to the standard gauge rails used in N & W
an integrated rail network was established |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 19:32:18 GMT |
|
| *local govs helped spur growth by offering tax exemptions to attract investors to start new industries |
*cheap labor was incentive for businesses to locate in the New South |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 19:32:18 GMT |
|
| Henry Grady |
editor of the Atlanta Constitution. he spread the new south with editorials that argued for economic diversity and laissez faire capitalism |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 19:32:18 GMT |
|
| S had large agricultural section but was the poorest region b/c: |
N financing dominated S economy and N investors controlled 3/4 of S RR and had control of S steel industry |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 18:23:15 GMT |
|
| RR gave boost to New S |
RR companies converted to the standard gauge rails used in N & W
an integrated rail network was established |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 18:23:15 GMT |
|
| *local govs helped spur growth by offering tax exemptions to attract investors to start new industries |
*cheap labor was incentive for businesses to locate in the New South |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 18:23:15 GMT |
|
| Henry Grady |
editor of the Atlanta Constitution. he spread the new south with editorials that argued for economic diversity and laissez faire capitalism |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 18:23:15 GMT |
|
| effects of COMPROMISE OF 1877 |
Hayes withdrew troops from protecting blacks
supreme court struck down reconstruction laws that protected blacks from discrimination |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 06:00:46 GMT |
|
COMPROMISE OF 1877
Hayes would be Pres if: |
1. ended federal support for Republicans in South
2. support the building of Southern transcontinental RR |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 06:00:46 GMT |
|
| ELECTION OF 1876 |
Repub nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, gov or OHIO
Dem chose Samuel J. Tilden, NY's gov
dem won popular votes but all electoral votes went to hayes |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 06:00:46 GMT |
|
| federal troops withdrew from all S states and Democrats returned power to ex Confederate states except: |
S Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 06:00:46 GMT |
|
| AMNESTY ACT OF 1872 |
removed the last of the restrictions on ex-Confederate states except for top leaders
-allowed S conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state gov |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:53:39 GMT |
|
| FORCE ACTS of 1870-71 |
gave power to federal authorities to stop KKK violence and protect South's civil rights of citizens |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:53:39 GMT |
|
| KKK |
founded by Nathaniel Bedford Forest
-burned black-oiwned buildings and murdered freedmen to keep them from voting |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:53:39 GMT |
|
| Who took control of state gov |
S conservaties aka redeemers |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:53:39 GMT |
|
| PANIC OF 1873 |
overspeculation by financiers and overbuilding by industry and RR led to business failures and depression
Grant vetoed a bill calling for the release of additional Greenbacks |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
| ELECTION OF 1872 |
Reform-minded Republicans and Democrats selected Horace Greenly, editor of Ny Tribune
Liberal Republicans advocated civil service reform, end of RR subsidies, withdrawal of troops from S, reduced tariffs and free trade
GRAND WAS REELECTED |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
CORRUPTION
tweed ring |
stole $200 million from Ny's taxpayers
NY Times and Thomas Nast exposed "Boss" Tweed and brought about his arrest and impresonment |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
CORRUPTION
whiskey ring |
federal revenue agents conspired with liquor industry to defraud government of millions in taxes |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
CORRUPTION
credit mobilier affair |
-insiders gave stock to members of Congress to avoid investigation of hte profits they were making
-from gov subsidies for building transcontinental railroad |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
CORRUPTION
wall street financiers |
JAY GOULD AND JAMES FISK
w/ help of Grant's bro in law
corned gold market.
-Treasurey Dept broke scheme but not b4 gould made huge profit. |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
| RISE OF THE SPOILS MEN |
leadership of Republican party was passed from reformers to political manipulators
reformers: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Ben wade
manipulators: Roscoe Conklin of NY and James Blaine of Maine |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
THE NORTH DURING RECONSTRUCTION
main concerns? |
rr, steel, labor problems, and money |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:38:25 GMT |
|
| SHARECROPPING |
landlord provided the seed and farm supplies in return for a share of harvest
-dependent of landowners |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 04:17:18 GMT |
|
BUILDING BLACK COMMUNITIES
education |
paid educated blacks to teach
black colleges: howard, atlandta, fisk and morehouse trained black ministers and teachers |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 04:17:18 GMT |
|
BUILDING BLACK COMMUNITIES
black churches |
negro baptist and african methodist episocopal churches
black ministers were leading figures |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 04:17:17 GMT |
|
BUILDING BLACK COMMUNITIES
what freedom meant to South |
reuiniting families, learning to read and write, migrating to free cities, acheiving independence from whites |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 04:17:17 GMT |
|
| REPUBLICANS failures |
took bribes from contractors |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| REPUBLICANS accomplishments |
-liberized state constitutions in the S by providing for universal male suffrage, property rights for women, debt relief, and modernized penal codes
-promoted the building of roads, bridges, rr, and internal improvements
-established state constitutions (hospitals and asylums)
-established state supported public schools
-tax systems were overhauled and bonds were issued |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| Republicans during control of S state politics |
-abused power for selfish ends
-governed responsibly in public interest |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
African American legislators
SENATORS |
Blanche K. Bruce
Hiram Revels
& 12 black representatives to Congress |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| Why did North go South after war? |
1. investors were interested in setting up businesses
2. missionaries and teachers had humanitarian goals
3. some stole |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| SCALAWAGS (S Repub) & CARPETBAGGERS (N newcomers) |
Democratic opponents gave nicknames to Repub rivals |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| In every S gov except one, whites were in the majority in both houses of the legislation |
exception was South Carolina, where freedmen controlled lower house |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875 |
equal accomodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries
-law was poorly enfordced b/c moderate and conservative Republicans were frustrated with trying to reform a unwilling south
-Repubs afraid of losing white votes in North |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 03:58:38 GMT |
|
| 15TH AMENDMENT |
Prohibited any state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote on account of race or color |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 02:05:34 GMT |
|
| ELECTION OF 1868 |
Democrats nominated: Horatio Seymour
Republicans nominated: Ulysses S. Grant |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 02:05:34 GMT |
|
| TENURE OF OFFICE ACT |
prohibited the Pres from removing a federal official or military commander without the approval of Senate
did this b/c wanted to protect the radical repubs in Johnson's cabinet, like Secretary of War: Edwin Stanton |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 02:05:34 GMT |
|
| Impeachment of Andrew Johnson |
real reason: they hated him, they wanted him to get out of the way
spoken reason: charged him with high crimes and misdemeanors and dismissing Stanton |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 02:05:34 GMT |
|
| RECONSTRUCTION ACTS OF 1867 |
PLACED SOUTH UNDER MILITARY OCCUPATION
1. divided the ex-confederate staes into 5 military districts, each under control of union army
2. increased requirements for gaining admission to union
a. an ex-Confederate state had to ratify 14th amendment
b. place guarantees in its constitution for granting the franchise (right to vote) to all adult males |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:42:24 GMT |
|
| REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE |
a joint commitee of the house and senate issued a report recommending that the reorganized former states of confed were not entitled to represent in congress
-those elected form the south as senators and representatives should not be permitted to take their seats
-congress, not pres, had authority to determine the conditions for allowing reconstructed states to rejoin union
-congress officially rejected the pres plan of reconstruction |
1 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 01:02:55 GMT |
|
| CONGRESS'S PLAN OF RECONSTRUCTION CLAUSES |
1. DISQUALIFIED FORMER CONFEDERATE POLITICAL LEADERS FROM HOLDING STATE OR FEDERAL OFFICES
2. REPUDIATED THE DEBTS OF DEFEATED GOVERNMENT OF CONFEDERACY
3. PENALIZED A STATE IF IT KEPT ANY ELIGIBLE PERSON FROM VOTING BY REDUCING THAT STATE'S PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS AND ELECTORAL COLLEGE |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:42:24 GMT |
|
| 14TH AMENDMENT |
1. declared all people born in the US as citizens
2. obligated the states to respect the rights of US citizens and provde them with "equal protection of laws" and "due process of law" |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:42:24 GMT |
|
| CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866 |
All African Americans became US citizens
Legal shield against S's black codes |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:19:52 GMT |
|
| Ben Wade, Ohio |
endorsed liberal causes: women's suffrage, labor union rights, and civil rights for blacks |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:19:52 GMT |
|
| Thaddeus Stevens, Pennsylvania |
hoped to revolutionize southern society through period of military rule in which blacks would exercise civil rights, be educated in schools operated by federal government, and would receive planter class' confiscated lands |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:19:52 GMT |
|
| Charles Sumner, Massachusetts |
leading radical republican in senate |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:19:52 GMT |
|
| Division of Republics |
Moderates: concerned with economic gains for the white middle class
Radicals: civil rights for blacks
majority of repubs were moderates but shifted to 1866 b/c didn't want democrat party to be dominant |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:11:10 GMT |
|
Waving The Bloody Shirt
ELECTION OF 1866 |
radical northern Republicans to defeat southern Democrats by using impassioned oratory about bloody sacrifice designed to keep alive the hatreds and prejudices of the Civil War period. |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:11:10 GMT |
|
Swing Around The Circle
ELECTION OF 1866 |
Johnson traveled throughout the country giving speeches that lambasted Republicans, pro-war Democrats, and blacks. Rather than drum up support, however, Johnson's coarse rhetoric hurt the Democratic Party's credibility and persuaded many northerners to vote Republican in the congressional elections of 1866. |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:11:10 GMT |
|
| CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION |
rejecting presidential reconstruction
adobpted a plan that was harsher on southern whites and more protective of blacks |
0 |
rachix37 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:11:10 GMT |
|
| JOHNSON'S VETOES |
alienated moderate repubs
VETOED:
1. a bill increasing the services and protection offered by the freedmen's bureau
2. a civil rights bill that nullified the black codes and guaranteed full citizenship and equal rights to blacks |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:49:26 GMT |
|
| BLACK CODES |
1. prohibited blacks from renting land or borrowing money to buy land
2. placed freedmen into semibondage by forcing them to sign work contracts
3. prohibited blacks from testifying against whites in court |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:49:26 GMT |
|
| Southern Gov s of 1865 |
-11 S states drew up constitutions that repudiated sucession, negated debts of confed gov, and ratified 13th amendment
-none of new constitutions let blacks vote
-former leaders of confed were elected to seats in congress like alex stephens from GA |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:49:26 GMT |
|
| JOHNSON'S RECONSTRUCTION POLICY |
similar to Lincoln's 10% policy
provided for the disfrancisement (loss of right to vote and hold office) of:
1. all former leaders and office holders of Confed
2. Confeds with $20,000 in taxable property
former Confederate leaders back in office |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:49:26 GMT |
|
| JOHNSON |
-Only senetor from Confed state who was loyal to Union
-was S Democrat but Repub picked him as Lincoln's runningmate to encourage pro-Union Dem to vote for hte Union/Repub party
-wrong for job b/c white supremacist |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
|
| LINCOLN'S LAST SPEECH |
Lincoln encouraged N to accept Louisiana as a reconstructed state
-Louisiana had a constitution abolishing slavery and provided for African Am education |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
|
| FREEDMAN'S BUREAU |
-welfare agency that provided food, shelter, and medical aid
-resettled blacks on S farmlands (Pres Johnson let Confed owners have their farmland back)
-EDUCATION: greatest success
GENERAL OLIVER O HOWARD |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
|
| WADE DAVIS BILL |
50% of voters of a state to take a loyalty oath
-permitted only non-Confederates to vote for a new state constitution
-Lincoln refused to sign bill
repub in congress objected to Lincoln's 10% plan;; disloyal secessionists would rule |
0 |
rachix37 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
|
| PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY AND RECONSTRUCTION |
-full presidential pardons to S who
1. took oath of allegiance to Union and constitution
2. accepted emancipation of slaves
-a state gov could be reestablished when 10% of voters in that state took the loyalty oath
-each S state would be required to rewrite its state constiuttion to eliminate the existence of slavery |
0 |
rachix37 Fri, 26 Dec 2008 20:56:25 GMT |
|
| Traeditional beliefs limited the actions of federal gov |
-constitutional concepts of limited gov & states' rights discouraged nat'l leaders from taking action
-little economic help was given to S, b/c Americans believed that free people in society had oppportunity and responsibility to provide for themselves
-physical rebuilding of S was left up to states and individuals, while fed gov concentrated on political issues |
0 |
rachix37 Fri, 26 Dec 2008 20:56:25 GMT |
|
| *Repub in N wanted to continue the economic progress begun during war |
*S aristocracy still needed a cheap labor force to work its plantations |
0 |
rachix37 Fri, 26 Dec 2008 20:56:25 GMT |
|
