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| TTC |
triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, is colorless but acts as artifical electron acceptor so when it is reduced by normal bacterial activity, it turns pink. if it spreads from a stab, bacteria is motile. |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:37:57 GMT |
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| gram stain reagents |
crystal violet (used to be aniline-gentian violet) as primary stain, then iodine as mordant (allows better complex formation between dye and target), decolorizing agent as ethyl alcohol, and then safranin red as counterstain |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:32:26 GMT |
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| bipolar staining |
baccili can show this, when ends stain deeply and the middle very little |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:32:26 GMT |
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| corynebacterium species; shape |
club-shaped or swollen at one end, occasional branching |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:32:26 GMT |
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| mycobacterium; shapes |
club-shaped or swollen at one end, occasional branching |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:30:32 GMT |
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| mycoplasma; shapes |
lack rigid cell walls so assume variety of shapes (coccoid, rodlike, L shape) |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:30:32 GMT |
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| pleomorphism |
bacteria can exhibit considerable variation in size and shape even in the same species and culture |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:30:32 GMT |
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| streptococcus species; deviation |
if taken from colony on solid medium, don't show chains but do show chains if taken from broth medium |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:30:32 GMT |
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| neisseria genus, cocci; in broth |
in broth, show flattened sides so they resemble beans |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:28:28 GMT |
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| mycobacterium species; arrangements |
clumps on smears because of waxy cell walls, and in a broth, grow in chains/cords |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:28:28 GMT |
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| corynebacterium species; arrangements |
lying side by side or at sharp angles as in palisade or chinese character formation |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:28:28 GMT |
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| micrococcus species; arrangements |
cubical packets of 4 or 8 cells |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:28:28 GMT |
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| Staphylococcus; arrangements |
irregular clumps |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:26:24 GMT |
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| streptococcus genera; arrangements |
chains |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:26:24 GMT |
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| bacillus genera; arrangements |
chains |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:26:24 GMT |
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| neisseria genus, cocci; arrangements |
pairs |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:26:24 GMT |
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| streptococcus pneumoniae; arrangement |
pairs |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:25:35 GMT |
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| klebsiella pneumonia; arrangement |
pairs |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:25:35 GMT |
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| gram negative rod arrangements |
single |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:25:35 GMT |
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| shapes of bacteria (4) |
spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), curved (comma), helical (spiral or spirillum) |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:25:35 GMT |
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| acid-fast staining |
for mycobacterium whose cell walls have too much lipid for gram staining to be effective; use basic fuschin (red), decolorize, and then restain with methylene blue. |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:22:59 GMT |
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| anionic dyes |
bacteria repulse the negative charge so negative staining; ex. nigrosin and eosin |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:22:59 GMT |
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| cationic dyes |
bacteria are negatively charged at pH 7; so these bind to bacteria and give color
ex. crystal violet, safranin red, methylene blue and basic fuschin |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:22:59 GMT |
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| colonial morphology; different terms (6) |
density, texture, elevation, cohesiveness, shape and margin |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:11:41 GMT |
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| culture characteristics (3) |
odor production, pigment production and colonial morphology |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:11:41 GMT |
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| MSA |
mannitol salt agar; 7.5% NaCl, so selective for mainly staphylococci which survive in high salt concentrations (selective), and has mannitol and pH indicator (differential) which turns yellow if mannitol is fermented |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:07:09 GMT |
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| MAC |
macconkey agar; used to isolate enterbacteriaceae and other enteric negative rods. bile salts and crystal violet inhibit positive bacteria, negative cocci and fastidious negative rods (selective). differential for lactose-fermenters |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:03:09 GMT |
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| CNA |
columbia nalidixic acid agar; sheep blood agar with nalidixic acid which inhibits growth of negatives and most positive rods (selective) |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:03:09 GMT |
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| SBA |
sheep blood agar; TSA, SNA or BHI with 5% sheep blood for more fastidious pathogens. is differential for bacteria with different hemolytic activity (alpha = green, beta = clear, gamma = none) |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:03:09 GMT |
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| BHI |
brain heart infusion; cultivate and maintain more fastidious bacteria; such as Neisseria sp. and Streptococcus sp.; can also be used for non-fastidious bacteria |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 20:03:09 GMT |
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| TSA |
trypticase soy agar; used for general cultivation and maintenance; for non-fastidious bacteria such as E.coli, staphylococcus sp. and bacillus sp. |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 19:57:56 GMT |
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| SNA |
supplemental nutrient agar; used for general cultivation and maintenance; for non-fastidious bacteria such as E.coli, staphylococcus sp. and bacillus sp. |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 19:57:56 GMT |
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| NA |
nutrient agar; used for general cultivation and maintenance; for non-fastidious bacteria such as E.coli, staphylococcus sp. and bacillus sp. |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 19:57:56 GMT |
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| microorganism used in epidemic lab |
serratia marcescens, pink at 30C and colorless at 37C |
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stevetang Thu, 18 Oct 2007 19:57:56 GMT |
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