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| Limitations of dependency theory |
--more or less a racist theory
--assumes societies are born with these patterns and ideas about colonialism, but everyone else is passive and helpless
--what made it possible for the west to conquer the rest of the world? |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:33:46 GMT |
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| Limitations of Modernist theory |
--strategies for development have to be different than they were for western countries in the 17th century, etc.
--globalization has created opportunities and at the same time, it has created exploitation, oppression |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:33:46 GMT |
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| Dependency Theory |
--development of the west is part of the same process that caused underdevelopment of other societies
--colonialism and imperialism means that economies of poor countries are dependent on the needs of western capitalist societies
--rejection of capitalism and this connection to the west leads to development |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:33:46 GMT |
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| Modernization Theory |
--distinction between traditional and modern society
--development is defined by the transition from traditional to modern society
--emphasizes putting resources into an industrial structure, which would lead to rapid change |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:30:30 GMT |
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| Objectivist Theory |
--per capita income is not sufficient to define development
--development can also be defined by population patterns
--with advanced technologies, death rate declined and birth rate rose, so population increased
--later, birth rates declined
--countries with negative growth accept a lot of immigrants
--in the third world, the birth rate stays very high and the death rate decreases
--in developed countries, the infant mortality rate is about 10/1000, but in underdeveloped countries, it can be 200/1000
--if the only role in society for women is to have children, then there is a high population growth rate |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:30:30 GMT |
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| Historicist Theory |
--socioeconomic development is a normative concept
--development implies movement to a better state, but values are relative and so you can't make a rational, universal definition of development
--truth is relative
--if an individual acts within the norms of their society, they are healthy and normal
--the only meaning of development is the traditions and cultures which define it
--eliminates and reduces communication between countries
--assumes there is only one tradition or culture in a country |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:30:30 GMT |
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| Socioeconomic Development |
--global inequality increased a lot in the 20th century, especially in the last 50 years |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:30:30 GMT |
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| Framing Theory |
--when there are tensions in society, social movements take particular forms depending of the different "frames" in society, which inform people on how to interpret the problem and what the solution is
--the cause of social problems are economic, and the solutions are determined by the politcal/cultural framework |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:22:34 GMT |
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| Resource Mobilization Theory |
--likely to succeed when the power of the challengers exceeds the power of the challengees
--social movements are interactions between two groups
--power comes from the capacity for efficient organization and mobilization of resources; isolated individuals can't really do anything |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:22:34 GMT |
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| Structural Theory |
--real cause of social movements are structural tensions, structural inconsistencies
--Marxist: these are contradictions within the economic structure (forces of production and relations of production)
--system problems: question of national identity, relation of church and state, political democracy
--in west, these problems arose sequentially; each new question was brought up when the last one was solved
--in the middle east and other places, the issues are all mixed together so society has difficulty dealing with these problems |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:22:34 GMT |
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| Relative Deprivation Theory |
--deprivation is a feeling
--deprivation is the difference between expectations and opportunities
--if both are low, there is low deprivation
--social movements likely to succeed when the gap is maximized, which happens when opportunities rapidly rise, leading to an even more rapid increase in expectations |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:22:34 GMT |
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| Absolute deprivation Theory |
--deprivation is defined in terms of the amount of opportunities
--the more opportunities are reduced, greater the degree of deprivation |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:14:36 GMT |
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| Deprivation Theory |
--emphasizes emotions of people, not rational calculations
--compatible with irrational conceptions of social movements
--feelings create a pathological resentment
--"common sense" theory: when majority of people feel deprived, there are social movements
--absolute or relative |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:14:36 GMT |
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| Specific Movement |
--want to change something very specific, e.g. legislation, policy
--there are a lot of specific social movements
--question of revolution is irrelevant for advanced societies |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:14:36 GMT |
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| Total movement |
--often called revolutions
--want to change the structure of society itself
--poor, non-industrialized societies are more likely to have total social movements |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 04:14:36 GMT |
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| Participation in Social Movements |
--If it is irrational to join in a social movement, then why do people do it?
--selective incentives: force people to participate and pay the cost (which can be negative, like prison, or positive, like a sense of community)
--participation is rational when a private good is created in addition to the public good (the act of particpation itself, mutusl recogngition, excitement, etc.) |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 00:32:23 GMT |
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| Neo-rationalistic Theory |
--With a large number of people with a common interest, non of them will join the social movement if they are rational
--public goods: consumption by one person doesn't exclude others, can't be regulated by the market
--social movements deal with public goods, i.e. if it is successful, people will benefit regardless of participation
--rational people want a free ride, so they don't participate even if they support the movement |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 00:32:23 GMT |
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| Rationalistic Theory of Social Movements |
--humans are primarily rational in that they follow their own self-interest
--predicts that successful social movements are those where the expected gain is greater than the cost of participation
--with too much repression, it's less rational to join a social movement |
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sterlina Fri, 21 Nov 2008 00:32:23 GMT |
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