| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| what are the two types of fixing agents and their description |
sodium thiosulfate-powdered fixer
ammonium thiosulfate-liquid fixer |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:39:02 GMT |
 |
| what is agent that removes undeveloped silver bromide from the emulsion |
fixing agent |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:39:02 GMT |
|
| what is also called the stop bath which neutralizes the developement |
activator |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:39:02 GMT |
|
| what removes the unexposed and undeveloped silver halide crystals and hardens the emulsion |
fixing chemicals |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:56:25 GMT |
|
| what is the solvent that dissolves all chemicals |
water |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:33:40 GMT |
|
| what is the sequestering agent that removes metallic impurities |
chelates |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:33:40 GMT |
|
| what is the hardner that controls emulsion swelling and aids in archival quality |
glutaraldehyde |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:33:40 GMT |
|
| what is the preservative agent that controls oxidation and maintains chemical balance among the developer |
sodium sulfite |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:33:40 GMT |
|
| what is the restrainer agent that keeps unexposed crystals from being chemically attacked w/o preventing the action of the developer on the exposed grains |
potassium bromide |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:12:50 GMT |
|
| what accelerator agent helps to swell emulsion and enhances the actions of the developing agents/ very caustic |
sodium carbonate |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:12:50 GMT |
|
| what is the reducing agent that is the principal component of the developing chemical. It reduces black tones slowly and can only act in an alkaline medium |
hydroquinone |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:23:06 GMT |
|
| what is the reducing agent that produces shades more rapidly and is used in automatic processing |
phenidone |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 02:12:50 GMT |
|
| what is the reducing agent that produces a basic gray image used in manual processing |
metol |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:59:03 GMT |
|
| what are the 3 reducing agents |
metol
phenidone
hydroquinone |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:59:03 GMT |
|
| what are types of developing chemicals |
reducing agents
accelerator agents
restrainer agent
preservative agent
hardner
sequestering agent
solvent |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:59:03 GMT |
|
| what converts latent image to a visible image |
developing chemicals |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:59:03 GMT |
|
| what is the drying time for a screen after it's been washed |
1/2 hour standing half open on it's side |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:53:47 GMT |
|
| what do you use to clean screens |
water and bland soap |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:53:47 GMT |
|
| how will foreign bodies on the screen effect the radiograph |
cause marks and white shadows |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:53:47 GMT |
|
| on a gradient screen which end is faster, which end is slower and what body parts match up with them |
the thicker end is faster (thicker body part) and the thinner end is slower (smaller body part) |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:53:47 GMT |
|
| how are gradient screens made |
by gradually increasing the thickness of the emulsion from one end to another over the length of the screen |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:32:27 GMT |
|
| what do special screens do |
gradually increase speed form one end to another |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:32:27 GMT |
|
| what is another term for gradient screens |
special screens |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:32:27 GMT |
|
| what is it when light from one screen passes through the film base to the opposite sides of the emulsion and penumbral divergence is increased and detail is reduced |
screen crossover |
0 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 01:32:27 GMT |
|
| the screens ability to produce density with a given exposure to xrays |
screen speed |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 19:29:52 GMT |
|
| what is the atomic numbers of rare earth |
57-71 |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 19:16:41 GMT |
|
| what color dye is commonly used in detail screens |
yellow |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 18:05:43 GMT |
|
| what does adding a colored dye to the emulsion do |
effective way to increase sharpness |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 18:03:16 GMT |
|
| higher absorption and conversion efficiency is obtained by what |
using rare earth screens rather than increasing emulsion thickness |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 18:03:16 GMT |
|
| what happens when the screen speed is highered |
better sharpness of the image and detail is impaired |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:50:01 GMT |
|
| what are causes for poor screen-film contact |
warped cassette
cracked or twisted cassette frame
loose hinges or spring latches
foriegn bodies
rough handeling and dropping of the cassette |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 18:03:16 GMT |
|
| what happens to the image when poor or uneven contact causes the flourescent light to diffuse |
blurring |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:26:12 GMT |
|
| what is crucial for image sharpness and detail |
closeness of the screens |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:26:12 GMT |
|
| what gives xray film a higher inherent contrast |
light |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:26:12 GMT |
|
| screen output is dependent on what |
kVp |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:26:12 GMT |
|
| direct exposure is bad for what reason |
longer exposure time to the patient |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:20:27 GMT |
|
| direct exposure will allow what and lower what |
allow better detail
lower image contrast |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:20:27 GMT |
|
| higher contrast in the image is obtained by utilizing what |
screen cassettes |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:20:27 GMT |
|
| what type of screen shows virtually no variation with speed and changes in kV |
calcium tungstate |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:20:27 GMT |
|
| what does the percentage drop to with phosphorus when reduced to 70 kV |
75% |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:13:49 GMT |
|
| screen speed peaks at what kV with phosphorus |
100kV |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:13:49 GMT |
|
| when room temperature rises what happens to the film and screen speed |
film speed increases
screen speed decreases |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:13:49 GMT |
|
| what are the types of extrinsic factors for intensifying screens |
temperature and kV (kilovoltage) |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:13:49 GMT |
|
| a faster speed screen will do what to the image |
decrease sharpness |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:05:53 GMT |
|
| what will increase the speed most effectively of the phosphorus active layer of a screen |
thickening of the active layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:05:53 GMT |
|
| what are the four intrinsic factors |
phosphor
thickness of active layer
size of phosphor crystals
reflectance of backing |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:05:53 GMT |
|
| what are the two factors that effect screen efficiency |
intrinsic and extrinsic factors |
0 |
usnavalmd Thu, 20 Nov 2008 17:05:53 GMT |
|
| what portion of the spectrum do rare earth elements emit wavelengths in |
green |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:54:29 GMT |
|
| what are the two most common rare earth elements |
lanthanium & gadolinium |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:54:29 GMT |
|
| which is the most used type of active layer |
rare earth |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:54:29 GMT |
|
| what are the two types of active layers that make up the emulsion |
calcium tungslate & rare earth |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:54:29 GMT |
|
| what is another name for screen lag |
ghost image |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:15:18 GMT |
|
| what is the phosphorescence of an intensifying screen whereby light continues to be emitted after xray stimulus has ceased |
Screen lag |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:14:16 GMT |
|
| what are the things that influences the screen efficiency |
-ability to absorb xray
-convert xray into light rays
-emit the light produced out of the emulsion and to the film |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:14:16 GMT |
|
| what is the ability of a screen to produce a density |
screen efficiency |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:14:16 GMT |
|
| what is a common way to increase screen speed |
thicken the emulsion |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:14:16 GMT |
|
| what happens if you increase screen speed |
the more density will produce at a given exposure |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:04:14 GMT |
|
| what is the term that refers to a screen's ability to produce density with a given exposure to xray |
screen speed |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:04:14 GMT |
|
| what is it called if the phosphor continues to emit light after stimulation. it is the second type of luminescence |
phosphorescence |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:04:14 GMT |
|
| what is it when visible light is emitted only when the phosphor is stimulated |
flourescence |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 19:04:14 GMT |
|
| what is emitted visible light called |
luminescence |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:57:06 GMT |
|
| any material that emits light as a direct result of some outside excitation or stimulation |
luminesce |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:57:06 GMT |
|
| what is the thickness of the active layer |
.01mm |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:57:06 GMT |
|
| what is the purpose of the base |
serves principally as the mechanical support for the active layer |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:57:06 GMT |
|
| how thick is the base |
1mm |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:50:46 GMT |
|
| what is the layer farthest from the film |
Base |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:50:46 GMT |
|
| what is the purpose of the phosphor |
convert the energy of the xray beam into visible light |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:50:46 GMT |
|
| what is the active layer of the xray intensifying screen |
phosphor |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:50:46 GMT |
|
| processed films can not be stored at a temperature exceeding |
70 |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 17:28:25 GMT |
|
| what can be added to the room to restore moisture in the air |
humidifier |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 17:16:37 GMT |
|
| warning signs for possible static eletrical problems should go off when the humidity gets to |
40% |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:48:39 GMT |
|
| the loading bench should be what to prevent the build up of electric charges |
grounded |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:48:39 GMT |
|
| what is the problem with static electric discharge when refrencing film developement |
it emits a visible light which is capable of fogging film |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:48:39 GMT |
|
| what are the factors that make an enviroment favorable for static electricity |
when two surfaces are non conductors and humidity is high |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:48:39 GMT |
|
| what may occur when there is a difference in electrical potential energy between two oppositely charged bodies, or between two bodies having like charges of different sizes |
static electricity |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:35:58 GMT |
|
| what may occur when two dissimiliar surfaces are brought together and later seperated |
static electricity |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:35:58 GMT |
|
| what wattage should a safelight not exceed |
15 watts |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:35:58 GMT |
|
| what type of filter uses blue and green sensitive film |
GBX |
0 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:35:58 GMT |
|
| what type of safelight filter is GS-1 used for |
green sensitive ortho-g film |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:47:56 GMT |
|
| what type of safelight filter is Wratten 6B used for |
blue-violet sensitive |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:47:56 GMT |
|
| what is a source of light that will not fog films and still provide adequate illumination under processing conditons |
safelight filters |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 15:46:02 GMT |
|
| what are the three safelight filters |
Wratten 6B, GS-1, GBX |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:47:56 GMT |
|
| where is the light directed to from an indirect safelight |
the ceiling or walls |
1 |
usnavalmd Fri, 21 Nov 2008 03:46:17 GMT |
|
| what is the optimum distance for a direct safelight |
6 ft |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:37:50 GMT |
|
| a direct safelight should be no less than how far from the work bench |
3 ft |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:37:50 GMT |
|
| what are the two types of safelights |
direct and indirect |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:37:50 GMT |
|
| what is the transition period from refrigeration to normal temperature before use for xray film |
24 - 48 hours |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:33:05 GMT |
|
| film is able to be stored for a year or more if the film is maintained at what temperature |
50 degrees |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:33:05 GMT |
|
| what does pressure do to the film |
marks and artifacts |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:33:05 GMT |
|
| fumes does what to the film |
increases fog |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:33:05 GMT |
|
| x radiation does what to the film |
increases fog |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:28:58 GMT |
|
| films should be stored in what type of enviroment |
cool, dry place |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:28:58 GMT |
|
| unprocessed films should not be stored with temperatures greater than what |
68 degrees f
20 degrees c |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 17:26:12 GMT |
|
| what is the effects of heat on film |
increases fogging |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 19:28:58 GMT |
|
| what is the recomended way to open a foil xray film bag |
from the center first stripping the bag away to each side |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:25:51 GMT |
|
| what could rapid movements cause when opening a package of xray film which could damage the film |
static electricity and pressure artifacts |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:25:51 GMT |
|
| what is the humidity sealed into the xray film packaging |
50% |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:25:51 GMT |
|
| how much is the quantity of each unit of packed xray film |
100 per unit |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:25:50 GMT |
|
| what does the xray packing protect the film from |
light and moisture |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:05:16 GMT |
|
| xray film is packed in what |
hermetically sealed foil and paper wrappings |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:05:16 GMT |
|
| what are some examples of film mistreatment |
heat
light
xray
chemicals/fumes
pressure
rolling
bending |
1 |
usnavalmd Wed, 19 Nov 2008 17:19:27 GMT |
|
| films are very sensitive to what |
mistreatment of any kind |
0 |
usnavalmd Tue, 18 Nov 2008 17:05:16 GMT |
|
