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| descriptive statistics, such as the mean or standard deviation, figured from the scores in a group of people studied. |
sample statistic |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:56:23 GMT |
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| actual value of the mean, standard deviation, and so on, for the population; often they are estimated based on information in samples. |
population parameter |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 04:21:32 GMT |
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| the act of just taking whomever is available or happens to be on a list. This matter of selection is easier to get results of a group of people that don’t represent the population as a whole. |
hazard selection |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:56:23 GMT |
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| method for selecting a sample that uses truly random procedures (usually meaning that each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected); one procedure is for the researcher to begin with a complete list of all the people in the population and select a group of them to study using a table of random numbers. |
random selection |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:56:23 GMT |
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| the part of which you actually have information. Scores of the particular group of people studied; usually considered to representative of the scores in some larger population. |
sample |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:56:23 GMT |
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| Entire set of things of interest. Entire group of people to which a researcher intends the results of a study to apply; larger group to which inferences are made on the basis of the particular set of people (sample) studied. |
population |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:56:23 GMT |
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table showing percentages of scores associated with the normal curve; the table usually includes percentages of scores b/t the mean and various numbers of standard deviations above the mean and percentages of scores more positive than various numbers of standard deviations above the mean.
table showing percentages of scores associated with the normal curve; the table usually includes percentages of scores b/t the mean and various numbers of standard deviations above the mean and percentages of scores more positive than various numbers of standard deviations above the mean. |
normal curve table |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| mathematically define bell shaped frequency distribution that is symmetrical and Unimodal; distributions observed in nature and in research commonly approximate it. |
normal curve |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency distribution that follows a normal curve. |
Normal distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| number of standard deviations that a score is above (or below, if it is negative) the mean of its distribution; it is thus an ordinary score transformed so that it better describes the scores location in a distribution. (# Of standard deviations the actual score is above or below the mean |
Z score |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean; the most common descriptive statistic for variation; approximately the average amount that scores in a distribution vary from the mean |
standard deviations |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| score minus the mean |
deviation |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| measure of how spread out a set of scores are; average of the squared deviations from the mean |
variance |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| score with an extreme value (very high or very low) in relation to the other scores in the distribution. |
Outlier |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| middle score when all the scores in a distribution are arranged from lowest to highest. |
median |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| value with the greatest frequency in a distribution |
Mode |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| number of scores in a distribution |
N |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| scores in the distribution of the variable |
X |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| M |
mean |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| arithmetic average of a group of scores; sum of the scores divided by the number of scores |
Mean |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| typical or most representative value of a group of scores. |
central tendency |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| situation in which many scores pile up at the low end of a distribution (creating skewness) b/c it is not possible to have any lower score. |
floor effect |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| distribution in which the scores pile up on one side of the middle and are spread out on the other side, distribution that is not symmetrical. |
skewed distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| distribution in which the pattern of frequencies on the left and right side are mirror images of each other. |
symmetrical distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency distribution in which all values have approximately the same frequency. |
rectangular distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency distribution with two or more high frequencies separated by a lower frequency. |
Multimodal distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency distribution with two approximately equal frequencies, each clearly larger than the rest. |
Bimodal distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency distribution with one value clearly larger than any other. |
Unimodal distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| patterns of frequencies over the various values, what a frequency table, histogram, or frequency polygon describes. |
frequency distribution |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| bar like graph of a frequency distribution in which value are plotted along the horizontal axis and the height of each bar is the frequency of that value; bars are usually placed next to each other without spaces, giving the appearance of a city skyline. |
Histogram |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| frequency table in which the number of individuals (frequency) is given for each interval of values. |
Group frequency table |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| range of values in a grouped frequency table that are group grouped together (e.g., interval size is 10, one of the intervals might be from 10-19). |
interval |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| listing of numbers of individuals having each of the different values for a particular variable. |
Frequency table |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| types of underlying numerical information provided by a measure, such as equal interval, rank-order, and nominal (categorical). |
levels of measurement |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| variable with values that are categories, names rather than numbers (categorical variable). For an example gender & religion. |
nominal variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| numerical value in which the values are ranks, such as class standing or pace finish in a race (ordinal variable). |
rank order variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| variable for which, in theory, there are an infinite number of values b/t any two values. |
continuous variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| variable that has specific values and cannot have values b/t specific values. |
discrete variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:12 GMT |
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| an equal-interval variable is measured on a ratio scale it has an absolute zero point, meaning that the value of zero indicates a complete absence of the variable. |
Ratio scale |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a variable in which numbers stand for equal amounts of what is being measured (e.g. GPA, stress levels). |
equal interval variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| variables whose values are numbers (quantitative value). |
numerical value |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| The variable that is predicted to change as a result of the independent variable. This is the outcome of interest. (e.g., Aggression level) |
dependent variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| The variable that is manipulated to produce an effect (e.g., type of TV watched). |
independent variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a particular persons value on a variable. |
score |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a number or category that a variable can have. |
value |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a characteristic that can have different values. |
variable |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a procedure for drawing conclusions based on the scores collected in a research study, but going beyond them. |
inferential statistics |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a procedure for summarizing a group of scores, or otherwise making them more comprehensive. |
descriptive statistics |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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| a branch of mathematics that focuses on the organization, analysis, and interpretation of a group of numbers. |
statistics |
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sevi000 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 03:11:11 GMT |
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