drugs and society ch. 1-3 Flash Cards

 
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switching policy An FDA policy allowing the change of suitable prescription drugs to over the counter status.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
An FDA policy allowing the change of suitable prescription drugs to over the counter status.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
switching policy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
Social disorganization Drug use is cause by rapid and disruptive social changes in society. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
Drug use is cause by rapid and disruptive social changes in society. Social disorganization 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
socialization The process by which individuals learn to internalize the attitudes, values, and behaviors needed to become participating members of a conventional society 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
The process by which individuals learn to internalize the attitudes, values, and behaviors needed to become participating members of a conventional society socialization 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
A theory that emphasizes when people are left without bonds to other groups (peers, family, social groups), they generally have a tendency to deviate from upheld values and attitudes. control theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
control theory A theory that emphasizes when people are left without bonds to other groups (peers, family, social groups), they generally have a tendency to deviate from upheld values and attitudes. Theorist emphasize the necessity of maintain bonds to family peers, and other social, political, and religious organizations. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
Theorist emphasize the necessity of maintain bonds to family peers, and other social, political, and religious organizations. control theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
secondary deviance When the individual begins to identify and perceived themselves as deviants. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
When the individual begins to identify and perceived themselves as deviants. secondary deviance 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
first time violating the law. primary deviance 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
primary deviance Any type of initial deviant behavior in which the perpetrator does not identify with the deviance 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
Any type of initial deviant behavior in which the perpetrator does not identify with the deviance primary deviance 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
A theory that emphasizes that other people perceptions directly influences one’s self image. labeling theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:39 GMT view revision history
treatment strategies The government’s developed strategies for combating drug use and abuse. Can involve drug courts, which are a process that integrates substance abuse treatment incentives, and sanctions and places nonviolent, drug involved defendants in judicially supervised rehabilitation programs. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Can involve drug courts, which are a process that integrates substance abuse treatment incentives, and sanctions and places nonviolent, drug involved defendants in judicially supervised rehabilitation programs. treatment strategies 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
The government’s developed strategies for combating drug use and abuse. treatment strategies 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
demand reduction strategy Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use. The Treatment programs do not address drug supply, it attempts to curb and eventually eliminate the need to purchase drugs by reducing the buyers demand. Demand reductions are better strategies in the long run, less costly than interdiction or penalties administered via the criminal justice system. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
better strategies in the long run, less costly than interdiction or penalties administered via the criminal justice system. Demand reduction strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
The Treatment programs do not address drug supply, it attempts to curb and eventually eliminate the need to purchase drugs by reducing the buyers demand. Demand reduction strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use. Demand reduction strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Demand reduction strategy Programs and activities often aimed at the youth, emphasis is placed on reformulating values, attitudes, skills, and behaviors conductive to resisting drug use. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Interdiction strategy The interdiction strategy is define as decreasing the amounts of these agents that are carried across the U.S. borders by using foreign crop eradication measures and agreements, by imposing stiff penalties for drug trafficking, and by controlling alcoholic beverages through licensing. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
The interdiction strategy is define as decreasing the amounts of these agents that are carried across the U.S. borders by using foreign crop eradication measures and agreements, by imposing stiff penalties for drug trafficking, and by controlling alcoholic beverages through licensing. Interdiction strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Inoculation Strategy The inoculation method of abuse prevention aims to protect drug users by teaching them responsibility. This emphasis is on being accountable, rational, and responsible about drug use, and informing users about the effects of drugs on both the mind and bodily functions. For example, nonalcoholic parties and responsible drinkers who use designated drivers are outcomes of applying inoculation strategy. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
For example, nonalcoholic parties and responsible drinkers who use designated drivers are outcomes of applying inoculation strategy. Inoculation Strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
This emphasis is on being accountable, rational, and responsible about drug use, and informing users about the effects of drugs on both the mind and bodily functions. Inoculation Strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
method of abuse prevention aims to protect drug users by teaching them responsibility. Inoculation Strategy 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Third category of drug users; these users vacillate between the need for pleasure seeking and desire to relieve moderate to serious psychological problems. This category of drug user has two major characteristics (1) a general focus mostly on using other people’s drugs (often without maintaining a personal supply of drugs) and (2) vacillation between the characteristics of chronic drug users and experimenter types. Floaters 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:52:38 GMT view revision history
Structural influence theory Focus on macroscopic explanations of drug use and the assumption that the organizational structure of society has a major independent impact on an individuals use of drugs.
Structural influence theories focus on how elements in the organization of a society, group, or subculture affect the motivation and resulting drug use behavior that is for nonmedical – most often recreational – use.
0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Structural influence theories focus on how elements in the organization of a society, group, or subculture affect the motivation and resulting drug use behavior that is for nonmedical – most often recreational – use. Structural influence theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Focus on macroscopic explanations of drug use and the assumption that the organizational structure of society has a major independent impact on an individuals use of drugs. Structural influence theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
subculture theory Explains drug use as a peer generating activity. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Explains drug use as a peer generating activity. subculture theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
social influence Focuses on microscopic explanations that concentrate on the roles played by significant others and their impact on an individual. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Focuses on microscopic explanations that concentrate on the roles played by significant others and their impact on an individual. social influence 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Define as the ratio b/t reinforcers favorable and disfavorable for sustaining drug use behavior. Differential reinforcement 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Sensation seeking individuals People at the highest risk for drug use and addiction are those who maintain a constant preoccupation with getting high, seek new or novel thrills in their experiences, , and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
People at the highest risk for drug use and addiction are those who maintain a constant preoccupation with getting high, seek new or novel thrills in their experiences, , and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors.and are known to have a relentless desire to pursue physical stimulation or dangerous behaviors. Sensation seeking individuals 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
“Addiction to pleasure” theory This theory assumes that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once started. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
This theory assumes that it is biologically normal to continue a pleasure stimulus once started. “Addiction to pleasure” theory 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Habituation Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Repeating certain patterns of behavior until they become established or habitual. Habituation 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Secondary groups share segmented relationships in relationships in which interaction is based on prescribe role patterns 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
relationship b/t employees scattered throughout a corporation. Secondary groups 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
share segmented relationships in relationships in which interaction is based on prescribe role patterns Secondary groups 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Primary group are groups that share a high amount of intimacy and spontaneity and whose members are emotionally bonded e.g., families and long term friends. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
People form expectations and become used to certain behavior patterns. Social learning theory/model 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
The theory places emphasis on how an individual learns patterns of behavior from the attitudes of others, society and peers. Social learning theory/model 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
mostly deal with mental or emotional states, which are often associated with or exacerbated by social and environmental factors. Psychological theories 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Compulsive An increasing amount of time spent in substance-related activities, such as obtaining, using, and recovering from its effects. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
An increasing amount of time spent in substance-related activities, such as obtaining, using, and recovering from its effects. Compulsive 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Unsuccessful attempts to cut down. Withdrawal 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Withdrawal The experience of a characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the specific substance, which can be avoided by taking closely, related substances. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
The experience of a characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the specific substance, which can be avoided by taking closely, related substances. Withdrawal 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Substance abuse Considered to be maladaptive, leading to recurrent adverse consequences or impairment, it is carefully differentiated from true addiction. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
The need for increase amounts of diminished effect of the same amount. tolerance 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Considered to be maladaptive, leading to recurrent adverse consequences or impairment, it is carefully differentiated from true addiction. Substance abuse 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Psychological dependence The mental inability to stop using the drug or drugs. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
The mental inability to stop using the drug or drugs. Psychological dependence 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:31 GMT view revision history
Substance dependence The essential feature of which is continued use despite significant substances related problems known to the user. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Physical dependence Refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feelings of discomfort and illness. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Refers to the need to continue taking the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which often include feelings of discomfort and illness. Physical dependence 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
The essential feature of which is continued use despite significant substances related problems known to the user. Substance dependence 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Addiction “A state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means.” 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Addiction is derived from the Latin verb addicere, refers to the process of binding things. Addiction 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
“A state of periodic or chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means.” Addiction 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Disease model Specify addiction to be a chronic disease, over which the sufferer has no control. (most accepted). 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Moral model The belief that people abuse alcohol because they choose to do so. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:43:30 GMT view revision history
Gateway drugs Substances act on the CNS by increasing alertness, excitation, euphoria, pule rate, and blood pressure.

Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana – types of drugs used excessively may lead to using other and often more addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or “crack.”
0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Substances act on the CNS by increasing alertness, excitation, euphoria, pule rate, and blood pressure. Gateway drugs 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana – types of drugs used excessively may lead to using other and often more addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, or “crack.” Gateway drugs 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and lsd. Illicit drugs 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, tobacco. licit 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
That no one is immune from the use and/or abuse of both licit and illicit drugs. Equal opportunity affliction 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Equal opportunity affliction That no one is immune from the use and/or abuse of both licit and illicit drugs. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social class, and age. Equal opportunity affliction 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
psychoactive drugs Drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
can be listed as either licit or illicit psychoactive drugs 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Drug compounds (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions. psychoactive drugs 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
drugs may be taken at fraternity parties, outdoors in a secluded area with other drug users, in private homes, secretly at work, or at rock concerts. Contextual factor 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Contextual factors Define and determine personal dispositions toward drug use, as demonstrated by moods and attitudes about such activity.

The encompassing drug taking social behavior that develops from physical surroundings where the drug is used.
0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
The encompassing drug taking social behavior that develops from physical surroundings where the drug is used. Contextual factors 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Define and determine personal dispositions toward drug use, as demonstrated by moods and attitudes about such activity. Contextual factors 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Cultural factors Society’s views of drug use, as determined by custom and tradition, affect our initial approach to and use of a particular drug. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Society’s views of drug use, as determined by custom and tradition, affect our initial approach to and use of a particular drug. Cultural factors 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
the belief that attitude about drug use develop from the values and attitudes of other drug users; the norms in their communities, subcultures, peer groups, and families and the drug user’s personal experiences with using drugs. These are also known as influencing social factors. Social factors 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Social factors the belief that attitude about drug use develop from the values and attitudes of other drug users; the norms in their communities, subcultures, peer groups, and families and the drug user’s personal experiences with using drugs. These are also known as influencing social factors. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
The motivation for taking a particular drug is affected by the needs such as diminishing physical pain; curing an illness; providing relaxation; relieving stress or anxiety; trying to escape reality; self medicating; heighten awareness, wanting to distort and change visual, auditory, or sensory inputs, or strengthening confidence. Social factors 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Pharmacological factor The ingredients of a particular drug affect the functions of the body and the nervous system, which in turn affect social behavior 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
The ingredients of a particular drug affect the functions of the body and the nervous system, which in turn affect social behavior Pharmacological Factor 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
The attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feelings rewarded or satisfied from social pressures that have become postponed, momentarily rectified, or neutralized and defined as problematic. Social and psychological change 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Social and psychological change The attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feelings rewarded or satisfied from social pressures that have become postponed, momentarily rectified, or neutralized and defined as problematic. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:29:51 GMT view revision history
Drugs enhance, slow down, or distort the reception and transmission of reality. Pharmacological change 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
The use of such a drug alters body chemistry largely by interfering with (affecting) its proper (homeostatic) functioning. Pharmacological change 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Anti-drug abuse act of 1988 Established the creation of a drug-free America policy goal and established the Office of National Drug Control Policy. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Established the creation of a drug-free America policy goal and established the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Anti-drug abuse act of 1988 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of (1951) Established the criteria for determining whether a drug should be classified as prescription or non-prescription. If a drug does not fall into one of the following categories, it is considered non-prescription. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Established the criteria for determining whether a drug should be classified as prescription or non-prescription


If a drug does not fall into one of the following categories, it is considered non-prescription.

1. The drug is habit forming
2. The drug is not safe for self medication because of it’s toxicity
3. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe
Durham-Humphrey Amendment of (1951) 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Harrison Act of (1914) The first legitimate effort by the U.S government to regulate addicting substances. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
The Sherley Amendment in (1912) Extended the food drug and cosmetic act by requiring that labels could not contain “any statement regarding the curative or therapeutic effect which is false and fraudulent” 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Extended the food drug and cosmetic act by requiring that labels could not contain “any statement regarding the curative or therapeutic effect which is false and fraudulent” The Sherley Amendment in (1912) 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Food drug and cosmetic act (1938) It defined drugs to include products that affected bodily structure or function even in the absence of disease. Companies had to file applications with the government for all new drugs showing that they were safe (not effective – just safe). 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
The introduction of this act was influenced by the death of more than 100 patients due to a sulfanilamide medication where diethylene glycol was used to dissolve the drug and make a liquid form. Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Companies had to file applications with the government for all new drugs showing that they were safe (not effective – just safe). Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
defined drugs to include products that affected bodily structure or function even in the absence of disease. Food and drug and cosmetic act 1938 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Food and drug act 1906 Products were called patent medicines, which signified ingredients were secret. The law allowed the FDA to control drug safety. The food and drug act: indicate how much of alcohol, marijuana, or any other drug was in the product. It did not allow the government to stop the distribution of dangerous preparations it was designed to reduce the weight. 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
Products were called patent medicines, which signified ingredients were secret. The law allowed the FDA to control drug safety. Food and drug act 1906 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history
indicate how much of alcohol, marijuana, or any other drug was in the product. It did not allow the government to stop the distribution of dangerous preparations it was designed to reduce the weight. Food and drug act 1906 0 sevi000 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:22:14 GMT view revision history

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