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lasted changed by |
history |
| Schlieffen Plan |
Germany's plan for WWI
defeat France quickly, then return to Eastern front to meet Russia |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:54:13 GMT |
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| Young Turks |
youthful, libertarian challengers to Ottoman Empire. young students & officers, influenced by Enlightenment. Led to constitution, freedom of press, political access for commoners, increased education |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:52:46 GMT |
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| millet |
organization of religious minorities in Ottoman Empire |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:52:46 GMT |
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| devisherme |
requisition of slaves (young boys) for Sultan's army |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:52:46 GMT |
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| Berlin Conference |
Scrambling of Africa
divided Africa amongst European powers to prevent future conflict
-some humanitarian policies passed, but not enforced
-Africa divided among arbitrary lines |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:52:46 GMT |
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| Zaibatsu |
large self-sustaining corporations with connections throughout economy, endorsed by Japanese government |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:42:50 GMT |
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| China's ruling family |
Manchus, aka Qing Dynasty
-very responsive to people
-internally focused
-merit-based bureaucracy |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:42:50 GMT |
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| late Victorian Holocaust |
famine & droughts in India
all wheat, etc. exported to Britain
millions of Indians starve to death |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:42:50 GMT |
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| Hegel |
philosopher
real = rational and rational = real
history = God's unfolding plot
disliked by materialists |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:42:50 GMT |
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| neocolonialism |
still reliant on masters, but masters switched from Spanish to English. still no infrastructure improvement |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:36:00 GMT |
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| HIdalgo & Morelas |
Catholic priests that called peasants to revolt (New Liberation Theology) |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:36:00 GMT |
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| Race in Latin America |
important part of Latin American identity
intense racial hierarchy created (Castas) |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:36:00 GMT |
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| How did Spain & Portugal control their empires? |
used pre-existing systems
controlled economy
hegemony (people consent to being dominated)
transculturation (blending of cultures, redesigned native cultures after Europe) |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:36:00 GMT |
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| Downsides of French Revolution |
Reign of Terror
no stable government
radical phase => possibility of totalitarian gov. |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:30:38 GMT |
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| Achievements of French Revolution |
ended feudalism
ends old regime
largest professional army created
slavery abolished
development of nationalism |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:30:38 GMT |
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| Estates General |
called by Louis XVI, representatives of all 3 estates present
French made a constitutional monarchy as a result |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:30:38 GMT |
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| Causes of French Revolution |
Social (estate system)
Political (series of weak kings)
economy (peasants heavily taxed, wars, loans from other countries)
weather (still in little ice age) |
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sbrewer13 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:30:38 GMT |
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| Why do we care about the French Revolution? |
1. people (masses) part of political process
2. model & inspiration for future revolutions
3. changes map of Europe |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:31:55 GMT |
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| debt peonage |
being more in debt than what you are paid
common among English coal workers, so became slaves to company |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:31:55 GMT |
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| slavery => capitalism? |
slave areas = poverty
areas benefiting from slaves = capitalism & wealth |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:31:55 GMT |
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| chattel slavery |
slaves as property/commodities |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:28:12 GMT |
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| Luddites |
lashed out against industrialization violently |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:28:12 GMT |
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| Agricultural revolution |
breeding animals & crops
crop rotation
enclosure movement (=> urbanization) |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:28:12 GMT |
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| commercial revolution |
make $, reinvest
silver from New World => inflation => more money to reinvest |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:28:12 GMT |
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| company share |
owning part of a company
allows distribution of risk => capitalism => more risks with exploration & technology
common in England, trusted each other |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:22:04 GMT |
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| capital |
money being used to do something
requires commercial society, exchanging goods for $ |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:22:04 GMT |
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| Enlightened Despots |
monarchs in charge, add reason and some reforms so society reflects Enlightenment ideals
Fredrick the Great of Prussia
Maria Theresa of Austria
Catherine of Russia |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:19:24 GMT |
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| Voltaire |
very anti-Catholicism
wrote Candide
in favor of religious tolerance |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:19:24 GMT |
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| Montesquieu |
introduced checks & balances through executive & legislative powers |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:19:24 GMT |
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| David Hume |
dissenter from Philosophes
believed humans driven by fear & desire to control future (power)
religion based on emotion, so deism (rational religion) an oxymoron |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:19:24 GMT |
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| Rousseau |
wrote "Social Contract"
wants to overthrow society
Noble Savage--civilization corrupts |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:16:05 GMT |
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| mercantilism |
nation's wealth dictated by how much gold and silver they own
requires heavy top-down control
-> colonization, to boost trade |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:16:05 GMT |
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| nationalism |
strong identification with one's nation
main cause of WWI |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:16:05 GMT |
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| Karl Marx |
believed history is governed by scientific laws, not individuals.
history is pushed toward socialism
feudalism -> capitalism -> socialism -> communism
eventually, state will fall away
ideas embraced after his death |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:16:05 GMT |
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| Conservatives/Liberals in Latin America |
Conservatives: rural, favored centralized (monarchism) government, pro-Church, wanted separation of races and Autarky: economic independence
Liberals: urban, Republican, favored change, states rights, anti-Church in state, wanted to whiten society & exterminate Indians, favored free trade |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:58:58 GMT |
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| King Leopold II |
of Belgium
owned colony of Congo, massively exploited it for rubber for own personal gain
used fear and forced labor to make money
later, challenged by Morel and humanitarian efforts |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:58:57 GMT |
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| Criollos and Peninsulares |
criollos: white, born in America
peninsulares: white, born in Spain/Europe
did not agree |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:49:06 GMT |
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| Ottoman Empire |
Empire centered around Turkey for several hundred years;
had trade networks stretching from Atlantic to Pacific;
dominated weaker neighbors for long time;
sultans included Selim III and Mahmoud II |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:49:06 GMT |
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| Cecil Rhodes |
co-founder of company that owned most diamond mines in Africa and prime minister of Cape colony (South Africa);
used political power to enhance business;
raised own private army to conquer Boers but fails and is demoted |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:49:06 GMT |
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| Trench Warfare |
fighting from opposing trenches with "no-man's land" in between; used in WWI on a huge scale |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:49:06 GMT |
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| Bismarck |
Prussian prime minister, united Germany through series of wars (including Franco-Prussian war)
wrote Realpolitik; controlled nationalism & understood change |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:41:22 GMT |
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| Frankfurt Parliament |
group of German/Prussian liberals who wanted to unite German nation and have a popularly elected parliament.
Ultimately fails, didn't involve king or peasants |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:41:22 GMT |
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| Russo-Japanese War |
Japanese industrialized + increased aggression => defeated Russia
overthrew Western stereotypes
Japan increasingly nationalistic, militaristic & expansionist => collision course with world (WWII) |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:41:21 GMT |
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| Boer War |
British war against Boers (descendents of Dutch traders living in African highlands)
Boers fought guerilla warfare, Brits used scorched earth warfare, sent women & children to concentration camps.
British won |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:41:21 GMT |
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| Shaka |
king of Zulu clan, built empire
strong military organization, w/
-short stabbing spear
-buffalo horn (flanking)
-professional military
compared to Napoleon |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:30:37 GMT |
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| Sepoy Mutiny |
military uprising in India
gun charges smeared with cow & pig fat => offended Muslim & Hindu soldiers
violence spread to country, British responded by massacring villages that rioted |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:30:37 GMT |
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| Boxer Rebellion |
started with Chinese rebelling against Manchus for poor handling of Europeans, later turns toward European powers.
Put down by international coalition, greater trade access opened as a result |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:30:37 GMT |
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| Alliance system (1815 to WWI) |
Dual Alliance: Austria-Hungary and Germany
Triple Entente: Britain, France and Russia |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:30:37 GMT |
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| liberalism |
rejected hereditary rights
wanted greater economic/political/religious freedom
similar to today's libertarians, against big government
most were in industrial revolution middle class |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:17:48 GMT |
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| Simon Bolivar |
From Granada
fought Jose de San Martin in Peru
wanted to cast off Spanish and unite South America
influential political figure to this day |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:17:48 GMT |
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| Caudillos |
Mexican strong men, mini dictators, who ruled based on their personalities (personalismo). Rose during power vacuum after South American independence movements, created identity for locals (ie, Rozas and followers Rosistas) |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:01:45 GMT |
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| 3 main areas Philosophes discussed: |
1. Governance/politics (natural rights)
2. Religion (critical of Catholicism, supported deism)
3. economics (worked for commercial class) |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:01:45 GMT |
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| Who were the Philosophes? (what did they do?) |
American/English/French thinkers
wanted freedom of speech, to think, to trade, and from arbitrary power |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:01:45 GMT |
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| Opium Wars |
China outlawed the trade of opium.
British traded opium anyway.
China enforced the rules, burned the opium.
Britain declared war, with help from France.
Led to trade concessions throughout China (opened trade)
Eventually led to Chinese decline. |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:56:49 GMT |
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| Bourbon Reforms |
House of Bourbon, rulers of Spain, implemented reforms. Enforced rules such as "Royal Fifth," 1/5 of everything to king. Made colonists unhappy, led to South American independence movements |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:56:49 GMT |
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| Adam Smith and Wealth of Nations (importance?) |
1. standard of living determined by worker productivity, worker productivity enhanced by specialization
2. specialization requires growing market
3. small market = low quality of life
4. worker productivity enhanced by raising wages, funding education
5. self interest => private activities to enhance society
6. Greed & selfishness =/= self interest
Overall: rejects mercantilism, favors limited government interaction |
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sbrewer13 Sat, 04 Feb 2012 19:24:50 GMT |
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| Who were the Philosophes? (name all) |
David Hume
Adam Smith
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire |
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sbrewer13 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:56:49 GMT |
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