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| Cl- shift |
-excess HCO3- builds in RBC
-exchanged with Cl-
HCO3- enters plasma |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:38:13 GMT |
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| carbonic anhydrase |
-CO2 highly soluble in blood/freely diffusable across RBC membrane
-speeds up rxn in either direction
-H+ buffered by Hb |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:38:13 GMT |
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| submarien |
-air compressed by water
-going to surface, you have to exhale as lungs inflate |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:36:07 GMT |
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| snorkle tubes |
-more dead space
-coud exceed lung's ability to echange air |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:36:07 GMT |
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| nitrogen narcosis |
-high [N] (like diving) have a narcotic effect
-poor decision
-buddy system!
SCUBA divers use tanks of mixtures of noble gases (He) to displace N |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:36:07 GMT |
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| the bends |
-elevated N2 in blood due to increased H20 presure
-1 atm for every 66 ft
-if too much time at depth or rapid surface recovery
-N bubbles released into blood stream, joints
-arterial blokage
joint pain
-explosive decompression/air embolism |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:36:07 GMT |
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| anemic hypoxia |
arterial oxygen pressure is normal, but total oxygen content of the blood is reduced
-treatment w/ hyperbaric chamber
-transfusion |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:31:23 GMT |
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| CO |
210x affinity for Hb than O2
-displaces O2
-anemic hypoxia |
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mcs5109 Sun, 16 Nov 2008 07:15:12 GMT |
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| Mb |
higher affinity for O2 than Hb |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:31:23 GMT |
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| mountain sickness |
-increased arterial diameters
-BP dereases
-lower pO2 in alveoli
decreases O2 to body
-hyperventilation and alkalosis
-endema in lungs and nervous system
-coma/death |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:24:01 GMT |
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| high alt |
-more BPG produciton
-O2 less tightly bound
-easy to dump off O2 |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:20:03 GMT |
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| fetal Hb binding |
-low affinity for BPG
-higher affinity for O2 than maternal blood
-left shift of curve |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:20:03 GMT |
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| shift to the right in dissociaiton curve (dumps off more O2) |
low pH
increase in CO2
increase in temp
increase in DPG |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:20:03 GMT |
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| p50 value |
when Hb 50% saturated
higher p50 value, the lower the affinity of Hb for O2 |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:20:03 GMT |
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| CO2 forms in blood |
1. HCO3 (70%)
2. bound to Hb (23%)
3. free CO2 gas (7%) |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:20:03 GMT |
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| venous side caps |
O2 dumped off
CO2 gained
N2: 573
O2: 40
CO2: 46 |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:14:34 GMT |
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| Arterial gas |
lowers O2 levels
lung arteries supplying O2 dump deoxygenated blood into pulmonary vein prior to entrance into left heart
N2; 570
O2: 95 (lower than alveoli air)
CO2: 40 |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:14:34 GMT |
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| alveolar gas |
O2 constantly being absorbed (lower)
CO2 constantly being released (higher)
moister (more H2O)
N2: 570
O2: 100
CO2: 40
H2O: 50 |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:14:33 GMT |
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| normal atm []s |
N2; 78% (600)
O2: 21% (160)
H2O: 0.5% (6)
CO2: 0.04% (3) |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 21:14:33 GMT |
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