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back |
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lasted changed by |
history |
| controlled peeing |
-cerebral cortex inhibits
-contraction of detrusor muscle
-relaxation of sphincters |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:47:02 GMT |
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| atonic peeing |
-detrusor muscle tone lost
-incontinence and dribbling |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:47:02 GMT |
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| urination reflex |
-automatic in infants, spinal cord injuries
-detrusor muscle contracts
-internal, external sphincters relax
-bladder empties |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:47:02 GMT |
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| micturition |
-bladder fills
-proprioceptors maintain tonus
-parasympthatic most important
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:47:02 GMT |
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| male urethra |
-excretory and repro
-travels thru prostate
-joined by 2 ejac ducts
-membraneuos
-external urethral sphincter
-cavernous |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:44:05 GMT |
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| female urethra |
-excretory only
-short
-empties via gravity
-infection prone |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:44:05 GMT |
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| urethra |
-internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
-external urethral sphrincter (skeletal muscle) for control |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:44:05 GMT |
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| trigone |
-2 ureter input
-1 uretrha outflow |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:41:55 GMT |
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| detrusor musclce |
bladder muscle |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:41:55 GMT |
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| bladder |
-pelvis
-male anterior to rectum
-female anterior to uterus
-detrusor musclce- smooth muscle |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:41:55 GMT |
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| increased GRF |
-NaCl delivery past the macula densa is increased
-macula densa sends a paracrine message to neighboring afferent arteriole
-afferent arteriole contricts
-increases resistance and decreases GFR |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:39:44 GMT |
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| granular cells |
-adjacent wall of afferent arteriole
-specialized smooth muscle cells
-secrete renin
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:39:44 GMT |
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| macula densa |
-modified portion of tublule epithelium
-ascending loop of henle has macula densa cells
-sense distal tubule flow
-sense BP via Cl-release paracrines that affect arteriole diameter |
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mcs5109 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 01:39:44 GMT |
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| major calyx |
surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids
minor to major |
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mcs5109 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 08:50:30 GMT |
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| 3 layers of ureter |
-musosa, muscularis, fibrous |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:44:22 GMT |
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| ureters |
-paired, 10-12 inches long
-retroperitoneal
-3 layers (musosa, muscularis, fibrous)
-propels via perisaltic wave (ureters function w/o gravity)
-run obliquely thru bladder walls, form valves to prevent backflow |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:44:22 GMT |
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| hypovolemia |
state of decreased blood volume |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:40:21 GMT |
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| when to relese ADH? |
-cell shrink
-increase plasma osmolarity 1-2%
-hypovolemia
-both increase thirst and ADH release |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:40:21 GMT |
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| diabetes insipidus |
-excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine
-cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced. |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
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| ADH |
-produced by supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus
-released by posturitary gland
-if no ADH, 87% water reabsoprtion (diabetes insipidus)
-normal ADH: 98.7 water reabsorption
mas ADH: 99.7% water reabsorption |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
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| collecting duct |
-permeable to water, urea
-water reabsorption w/ ADH |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:36:07 GMT |
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| JG apparatus |
-region where the distal tubule of teh nephron passes b/w afferent and efferent arterioles |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:31:16 GMT |
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| macula densa |
-specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule wall that moniter fluid flow thru the tubule |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:31:16 GMT |
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| dsital convoluted tubule |
-SECRETION (K+ w/ aldosterone)
-ACIDFICATION (H+)
-REABSORPTION (Na+)
-macula densa
-JG apparatus |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:31:16 GMT |
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| counter current exchanger |
-vasa recta + pertubular capiallaries |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:31:16 GMT |
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| salty intserstium |
-is not washed out |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| peritubular capiallaries |
-surround the tubule
-from efferent capillaries |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| vasa recta |
-long peritubular capillaries that dip into medulla |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| loop of Henle |
-CONCENTRATION
-creates salt interstitium
-"counter current multiplier"
-thin descending limb: water permeable
-thick ascending limb: Na+ permeable |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| proximal convoluted tubule |
-85% reabsorption of water, Na, AA, glucose
-glucose coupled w/ Na+ transport
-tubular maximum (Tm)= 375 mg/dL for men
300 for women |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| Bowman's capsule |
-collects fluid from Glomerulus |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:20:37 GMT |
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| efferent arteriole |
-outgoing flow from glomerulus
-onyl kidney has capillaries drained by arteriole
-smooth muscle
-activated by Angiotensin II |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:13:41 GMT |
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| afferent arteriole |
-incoming blood flow into glomerulus
-smooth muscle
-resistant to Angiotensin II |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:13:41 GMT |
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| medangial cell |
-surround glomular cpaillaries
-can contract and alter blood flow through caps
- |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:13:41 GMT |
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| glomerulus filtration |
-plasma must pass thru 3 filtration barriers:
1. fenestrated capillaries of glomulerulus (endothelium)
2. basal lamina: ECM; coarse seive to get plasma proteins out
3. Bowman's capsule epithelium: consists of podocytes that surround each glomular capillary |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 22:13:41 GMT |
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| glomerulus |
-fenestrated capillary unit exchange unit
-FILTRATION
-simple squamous
-basal lamina
-podocytes
-mesangial cells |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:24:09 GMT |
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| renal corpuscle |
-glomerus + bowman's capsule
-FILTRATION |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:24:09 GMT |
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| juxtaglomerulus nephrons |
-15-20%
-concentrated
-dips down into the medulla |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:07:09 GMT |
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| cortical nephrons |
-80-85%
-not as concentrated
-completely within the cortex |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:07:09 GMT |
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| nephron |
-functional unit
-1-3 million per kidney
-50 miles of tubing!
-filters blood plasma
-reabsorbs water, aas, sugars, salts
-secretes H, K ions |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:07:09 GMT |
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| pelvis |
-major and minor calyces |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:01:57 GMT |
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| medulla |
8-18 renal pyramids
loop of Henle, collecting ducts |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:01:57 GMT |
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| cortex |
-cortical arches (glomeruli, convoluted tubules) |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 21:01:57 GMT |
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| hilus |
-where ureters depart from kidneys |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:44:39 GMT |
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| Retroperitoneal |
anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum. |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:44:39 GMT |
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| kidneys |
-paired, bean-shaped
-Retroperitoneal position
-T12-L3
-left is higher
-4.5 inches long
-ureters departs from Hilus
-functional unit: nephron |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:44:39 GMT |
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| You're in facts! |
-excrete 1.5L urine a day
-25% of cardiac output |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:44:39 GMT |
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| urinary parts |
vascular system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 baldder
1 urethra |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:39:41 GMT |
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| functions of urinary system |
1. regulate body fluid volume (kills you the quickest)
2. regulation of fluid osmolarity/composition
3. waste removal
4. endocrine
5. territory/sex marker |
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mcs5109 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 20:39:40 GMT |
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