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| Hirschsrung's disease |
People with Hirschsprung disease always have aganglionosis (lack of neurons) at the end of the bowel
- causing chronic constipation
- Areas without such nerves cannot push material through. This causes a blockage. Intestinal contents build up behind the blockage, causing the bowel and abdomen to become swollen |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:26:22 GMT |
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| superior recess of lesser sac |
-extends posterior to the liver, being invaginated by the caudate lobe
-most of the lesser sac (the omental bursa of the embryo) lies posterior to the stomach |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:23:41 GMT |
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| gastrocolic ligament |
-portion of the greater omentum that stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
-forms part of the anterior wall of the lesser sac |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:22:36 GMT |
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| lienorenal ligament |
-derived from the peritoneum,
-wall of the general peritoneal cavity comes into contact with the omental bursa between the left kidney and the spleen
-contains the tail of the pancreas, the only intraperitoneal portion of the pancreas |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:21:42 GMT |
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| gastrolienal ligament |
-part of the greater omentum.
-made of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:19:49 GMT |
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| lesser sac |
-aka omental bursa
-formed by the lesser and greater omentum
-connected with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow)
-full of fat usually |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:18:36 GMT |
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| greater sac |
-aka the general cavity
-cavity in the abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside of the lesser sac.
It is connected with the lesser sac via the epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow) |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:17:22 GMT |
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| mesocolon |
connects colon to posterior aspect fo abdomen |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:15:30 GMT |
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| epiploic foramen |
-aka Epiploic foramen, foramen of Winslow, Omental foramen
-passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac and the lesser sac. |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:14:32 GMT |
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| porta hepatis |
short but deep fissure extending transversely across the under surface of the right lobe of the liver |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:14:32 GMT |
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| lesser omentum |
-double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum
-extremely thin
-continuous with the two layers of peritoneum
-When these two layers reach the lesser curvature of the stomach and the upper border of the duodenum, they join together and ascend as a double fold to the porta hepatis.
At the right border of the lesser omentum, the two layers are continuous, and form a free margin which constitutes the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen
Subdivisions:
hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatophrenic ligament
hepatoesophageal ligament |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:14:32 GMT |
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| greater omentum |
-large fold of parietal peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach
-extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, passing in front of the small intestines and reflects on itself to ascend to the transverse colon before reaching to the posterior abdominal wall
Functions:
-Fat deposition (varying amounts of adipose tissue)
-Immune contribution (milky spots of macrophage collections)
-Infection and wound isolation (physically limit the spread of intraperitoneal infections. The greater omentum can often be found wrapped around areas of infection and trauma.)
Subdivisions:
Gastrocolic ligament - to transverse colon
Gastrosplenic ligament - to spleen
Gastrophrenic ligament - to thoracic diaphragm
Splenorenal ligament- left kidney to spleen |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:04:39 GMT |
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| mesentary |
double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 03:04:39 GMT |
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| 11. What structures remain intraperitoneal? |
-located within the abdominal cavity, but wrapped in peritoneum
-Stomach, proximal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, Rectum (upper 1/3), liver, spleen, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 02:50:30 GMT |
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| mneumonic for retroperitoneal abdominal contents |
SAD PUCKER:
S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending parts)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 02:45:06 GMT |
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| 10. What structures become retroperitoneal? |
-anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind (retro) the peritoneum
-Organs are retroperitoneal if they only have peritoneum on their anterior side
-Organs that were once suspended within the abdominal cavity by mesentery but migrated posterior to the peritoneum during the course of embryogenesis to become retroperitoneal are considered to be secondarily retroperitoneal organs
Primarily retroperitoneal:
urinary (adrenal glands, kidneys, ureter, bladder)
circulatory (aorta, inferior vena cava)
digestive (esophagus (part), rectum (part, lower third is extraperitoneal))
Secondarily retroperitoneal:
pancreas (except the tail),
distal duodenum, ascending and descending portions of the colon only
SAD PUCKER:
S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending parts)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 02:44:37 GMT |
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| 9. Discuss the structure of the gastrointestinal tract at 10 weeks of fetal age. |
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPBEgBIvRcI&NR=1 |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 02:17:15 GMT |
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| 7. What is Meckel's Diverticulum? Why is it of importance? |
-congenital diverticulum
-small bulge in the small intestine present at birth
-vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct
-located in the distal ileum
-remnant of the connection from the yolk-sac to the small intestine present during embryonic development |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:59:26 GMT |
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| 6. What is ventral mesentery? What are derivatives of the ventral mesentery? |
The primitive gut is suspended within the peritoneal cavity of the embryo by ventral and dorsal mesentaries, from which adult mesenataries are derived.
Mesenteries are composed of two layers of peritoneum. The peritoneum that lies on the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal peritoneum) invaginates at certain parts, with an organ inside this invagination. This invaginated peritoneum (visceral peritoneum) will often surround all but a part of the organ ("bare area"), through which the organ transmits blood vessels and nerves. If this organ is invaginated far enough into the peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum will come in contact with itself, forming the organ's mesentery.
Mesentary refers to double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity
Ventral mesentary forms lesser omentum, falciform coronary, and triangular ligaments. |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:43:59 GMT |
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| 5. What is dorsal mesentery? What are derivatives of the dorsal mesentery? |
-The primitive gut is suspended within the peritoneal cavity of the embryo by ventral and dorsal mesentaries, from which adult mesenataries are derived.
-Mesentary refers to double layers of peritoneum connecting various components of the abdominal cavity
-Mesenteries are composed of two layers of peritoneum. The peritoneum that lies on the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal peritoneum) invaginates at certain parts, with an organ inside this invagination. This invaginated peritoneum (visceral peritoneum) will often surround all but a part of the organ ("bare area"), through which the organ transmits blood vessels and nerves. If this organ is invaginated far enough into the peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum will come in contact with itself, forming the organ's mesentery.
Dorsal mesentary forms greater omentum, mesentary of small intestines, mesoappendix, transverse mesocolon, and sigmoid mesocolon. |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:43:59 GMT |
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| 4. Define the organization of the midgut. Give the derivatives of these regions. |
-between foregut and hindgut
-develop in 5th week of life
-supplied by superior mesenteric artery
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal two-thirds of transverse colon |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:31:00 GMT |
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| 4. Define the organization of the hindgut. Give the derivatives of these regions. |
-caudal part of the alimentary canal
-supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
-develop in 5th week of life
distal third of the transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:31:00 GMT |
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| 4. Define the organization of the foregut. Give the derivatives of these regions. |
-anterior part of the alimentary canal
-develop in 5th week of life
-all supplied by celiac artery
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas |
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mcs5109 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:31:00 GMT |
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