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| Freeze fracture methods |
Freeze membrane to -196C
-Fracture membrane with cold microtome knife to split bilayer
-Metallic replica is made
-studied by TEM |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:12:49 GMT |
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| Fluid mosaic model |
Membrane are fluid structures of lipid and protein allowing rotation and lateral movement. Proteins are like icebergs floating in membrane ocean
-Sendai virus: yield hybrid cell named heterokaryon proves model to be correct
-Label mouse proteins with antibodies that flouesces green and then humans red
-after 40min at 37C, proteins intermingled
-slower when at 15C |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:11:33 GMT |
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| integral proteins |
-Tightly bound
-only removed by detergents
-asymmetrically located in membrane. |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:09:50 GMT |
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| Biological Membranes |
-proteins in lipid bilayer
-Lipid composition varies according to source of membrane
-most membranes one half protein |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:09:50 GMT |
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| Membrane phase transition |
all membranes have a melting temperature or transition temperature
Below this T, the carbon-carbon bonds of lipid chain are in closely packed and is gel like. |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:09:50 GMT |
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| Florescence photobleaching recovery technique |
-LASER BLEACHES FLORESCENT MARKERS
-florescent recovery rate depends on diffusion rate of labeled molecule |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:09:50 GMT |
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| lateral diffusion |
-rapid
-proteins, too |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:03:47 GMT |
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| transverse diffusion |
-slow |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:03:47 GMT |
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| Liposomes |
-stable
-used for drug delivery
-fuse with cell membrane and dump ingredients inside cell.
-impermeable to polar or ionic substances
-permeable to water. |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:03:47 GMT |
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| CMC |
-critical micelle []
-when fatty acids form micelles
- |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 06:03:47 GMT |
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| Cholesterol |
-major component of animal plasma membrane
-cholesterol important in determining membrane properties |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:59:12 GMT |
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| Gangliosides |
-determinants in cell cell recognition
-Disorder in ganglioside breakdown is responsible for hereditary sphingolipid storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease: fatal neurological deterioration
-ceramide oligosaccharides that include at least one sialic acid residue |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:59:12 GMT |
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| Sphingolipids |
-major membrane component
-Spingomyelins are most common sphingolipids |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:59:12 GMT |
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| Plasmalogens |
-ether linked |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:59:12 GMT |
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| Common Classes of Glycerophospholipids |
-phospahtidic acid
-phosphatidylethanolamine
-phosphatidylcholine
-phosphatidylserine
-phosphatidylinositiol
-phosphatidylglycerol |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:50:35 GMT |
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| Phospholipids |
-Fatty acid on carbon 1 and 2, phosphate on 3
-Phosphatidic acid is parent compound |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:50:35 GMT |
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| Triacyglycerols (triacylglycerides) |
-3 fatty acids esterified to glycerol
-major energy reserve in animals
-hydrolysis with base is saponification (soap)
-good insulators
Mixed triacylglycerols have different fatty acids |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:50:35 GMT |
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| arachidonic acid |
-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid
-CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)5(CH2)2COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| linolenic acid |
-9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid
-CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| linoleic acid |
-9, 12-octadecadienoic
-CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| oleic acid |
-9-octadecanoic acid
-CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH)7COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| stearic acid |
-octadecanoic acid
-CH3(CH2)16COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| palmitic acid |
-hexadecanoic acid
-CH3(CH2)14COOH |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| fatty acids |
-composed of hydrocarbon tail and carboxy head
-rarely exist freely
-usually esterified
-14-24 carbons |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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| lipid info |
-Classified based on organic solvent solubility
-Fatty acids
-un/poly/saturated
-double bonds usually cis |
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mcs5109 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 04:44:22 GMT |
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