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| thoracolumbar aponeurosis (fascia) |
extends laterally from the spinous processes and forms a thin covering for the deep muscles in the thoracic region and a strong, thick covering for muscles in the lumbar region. |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:31:15 GMT |
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| muscular fascia |
a dense layer of connective tissue surrounding individual muscles |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:30:03 GMT |
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| investing (deep) fascia |
a dense layer of connective tissue between the subcutaneous tissue and the muscles; surrounds the entire muscle group |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:30:03 GMT |
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| vertebra (spina) prominens |
the seventh cervical vertebra
it has a long, non-bifid spinous process which is prominent at the nape of the neck, hence its name (Latin, vert = to turn) |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:30:03 GMT |
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| external occipital protuberance |
a projection on the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone in the midline
it is the attachment site of the ligamentum nuchae and the trapezius m.; its highest point is called the inion (Latin, occiput = against head; Greek, inion = back of head) |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:30:03 GMT |
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| thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) nerve |
Source
posterior cord of brachial plexus
Motor
latissimus dorsi |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:27:41 GMT |
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| spinal nerve |
Origin
formed at the point where the dorsal and ventral rootlets meet; it ends where the dorsal and ventral primary rami
Branches
diverge dorsal primary ramus; ventral primary ramus
Motor
to skeletal mm.; some levels carry preganglionic sympathetic axons (T1-L2)
Sensory
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) from the entire surface of the neck, trunk and extremities; visceral pain (via the white ramus communicans and the sympathetic nervous system)
Notes
located at the intervertebral foramen; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:27:03 GMT |
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| greater occipital nerve |
Source
dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C2 (medial br.)
Branches
no named branches
Motor
posterior neck muscles
Sensory
skin of the posterior surface of the scalp
Notes
muscles innervated by this nerve develop from epimeres in the embryo |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:10:43 GMT |
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| dorsal scapular nerve |
Source
brachial plexus (br. of C5 ventral primary ramus)
Branches
no named branches
Motor
rhomboideus major and minor mm.; levator scapulae m.
Sensory
none
Notes
dorsal scapular n. passes through the scalenus medius m. |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:09:40 GMT |
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| dorsal primary ramus nerve |
Source
first branch off of the dorsal side of the spinal nerve
Branches
numerous
Motor
to the deep back mm.; sympathetic innervation to the skin
Sensory
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of the back
Notes
a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = branch) |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:09:49 GMT |
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| accessory nerve |
Source
cranial root: medulla - nucleus ambiguus; spinal root: spinal nucleus of the upper cervical spinal cord
Branches
no named branches
Motor
GSE: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm.
Sensory
none
Notes
also known as: CN XI, 11th cranial nerve; spinal root enters cranial cavity by passing through the foramen magnum; exits skull by passing through the jugular foramen; accessory n. is motor only; the subtrapezial plexus of nerves receives proprioceptive fibers: for the sternocleidomastoid m. from the ventral primary rami of spinal nn. C2 and C3 - for trapezius via ventral primary rami of C3 and C4 |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:50:12 GMT |
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| transverse cervical artery |
Source
thyrocervical trunk
Branches
unnamed muscular branches
Supply to
trapezius muscle and surrounding tissues
Notes
transverse cervical a. gives rise to the dorsal scapular a. ~30% of the time |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:48:40 GMT |
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| thoracodorsal artery |
Source
subscapular
Branches
unnamed muscular branches
Supply to
latissimus dorsi |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:47:39 GMT |
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| dorsal scapular artery |
Source
subclavian a., 3rd part
Branches
unnamed muscular branches
Supply to
levator scapulae m., rhomboideus major m., rhomboideus minor m.
Notes
dorsal scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the subscapular a. to form the scapular anastomosis; dorsal scapular a is a branch of the transverse cervical a. in ~30% of cases |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:46:38 GMT |
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| nuchal ligament |
Description
a midline ligament that extends posteriorly from the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae and extends from the base of the skull to the 7th cervical vertebra
Notes
a syndesmosis; it provides muscle attachments to the cervical spinous processes without the necessity of long spinous processes that would hinder extension of the neck (Latin, nucha = nape) |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:45:08 GMT |
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| rhomboideus minor |
Origin
inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
Insertion
medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
Action
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery
dorsal scapular a
Notes
named for its shape |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:40:30 GMT |
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| rhomboideus major |
Origin
spines of vertebrae T2-T5
Insertion
medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
Action
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Artery
dorsal scapular a.
Notes
named for its shape |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:39:20 GMT |
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| levator scapulae |
Origin
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Insertion
medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
Action
elevates the scapula
Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4
Artery
dorsal scapular a.
Notes
levator scapulae is named for its action |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:38:23 GMT |
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| latissimus dorsi |
Origin
vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion
floor of the intertubercular groove
Action
extends the arm and rotates the arm medially
Innervation
thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Artery
thoracodorsal a.
Notes
the inserting tendon twists so that fibers originating highest insert lowest |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:19:10 GMT |
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| Trapezius |
Origin
medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
Insertion
lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine
Action
elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula
Innervation
motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4
Artery
transverse cervical a.
Notes
named for its shape; trapezius is an example of a muscle that migrates during development from its level of origin (cervical) to its final position, pulling its nerve and artery along behind |
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mcs5109 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 13:17:39 GMT |
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