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| Articular cartilage is? |
ANEURAL-AVASCULAR |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:21:49 GMT |
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| What does articular cartilage require in order to maintain it's unique environment? |
REQUIRES PHYSIOLIGICAL STRESS |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:21:49 GMT |
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| What % of chrondrocytes is in articular cartilage? |
5% |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:18:40 GMT |
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| What % of proteoglycans is in articular cartilage? |
10-15% (RESPONSIBLE FOR BEARING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH) |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:18:40 GMT |
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| % of type II collagen in articular cartilage? |
20% (TENSILE STRENGTH) |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:18:40 GMT |
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| % of water in articular cartilage? |
65%-80%
ALLOWS FOR LOAD DEFORMATION (CREEP) |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:18:40 GMT |
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| What are two interventions used to retard muscle atrophy? |
-ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS
-ELECTRICAL STIMULATION |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:13:47 GMT |
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| What does mechanical bone healing depend on? |
SOFT-TISSUE ATTACHMENTS TO BONE |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:13:47 GMT |
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| What does biological bone healing depend on? |
AGE, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, CIGARETTE SMOKING, ETC... |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:13:47 GMT |
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| What are the factors that influence bone healing? |
-BIOLOGICAL: (AGE, NUTRUITIONAL STATUS, CIGARETTE SMOKING)
-MECHANICAL: (SOFT TISSUE ATTACHMENTS TO BONE) |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:13:47 GMT |
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| Used for displaced fractures? |
INTERNAL FIXATION |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:08:57 GMT |
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| If screws have to be removed in an ORIF, how long will it take to regain normal strength in the bone? |
1 YEAR |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:08:57 GMT |
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| Involves surgically exposing the fx site to reduce, approximate and align the bone fragments? |
INTERNAL FIXATION |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:08:57 GMT |
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| Internal fixation? |
-INVOLVES SURGICALLY EXPOSING THE FX SITE TO REDUCE, APPROXIMATE AND ALIGN THE BONE FRAGMENTS
-USED FOR DISPLACED FRACTURES
-COMBINATION OF SCREWS, PINS, NAILS
-IF SCREWS HAVE TO BE REMOVED, IT TAKES UP TO 1 YEAR TO REGAIN NORMAL STRENGTH IN THE BONE |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:08:57 GMT |
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| What are the advantages of external fixation? |
-ALLOWS FOR MODIFICATION OF STIFFNESS AND RIGIDITY DURING FRACTURE HEALING
-DYNAMIZATION (CAN BE ADJUSTED)
-THE MORE RIGID THE FIXATION, THE EARLIER THE RADIOGRAPHIC CONFIRMATION OF BONE UNION |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:25 GMT |
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| What kind of bone injury and repair involves surgery? |
PRIMARY (DIRECT) |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:25 GMT |
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| Non-operative fracture management entails? |
SECONDARY OR INDIRECT PERIOSTEAL CALLUS |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:25 GMT |
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| Rigid anatomic fixation results in? |
PRIMARY OR DIRECT CORTICAL RECONSTRUCTION |
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MichaelMorano Sat, 11 Sep 2010 00:04:25 GMT |
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| Malunion? |
HEALING RESULTS IN A NONANATOMIC POSITION |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:53:25 GMT |
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| Nonunion? |
HEALING PROCESS HAS STOPPED |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:53:25 GMT |
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| Delayed union? |
HEALING OCCURS AT A SLOWER RATE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:53:24 GMT |
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| What are the complications of bone healing? |
-DELAYED UNION
-NONUNION
-MALUNION |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:53:24 GMT |
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| Immobilization of fractures is a _____________? |
TWO-BLADED SWORD |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:51:03 GMT |
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| Secondary bone healing? |
INDIRECT |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:51:03 GMT |
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| Primary bone healing? |
DIRECT |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:51:03 GMT |
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| This kind of bone repair involves immobilization with a cast/no surgery? |
SECONDARY HEALING (INDIRECT) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:51:03 GMT |
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| Noted for external periosteal soft-tissue callus bridging between fracture fragments? |
SECONDARY (INDIRECT) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:44:02 GMT |
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| Rigid internal fixation is used to achieve cortical healing. Devoid of periosteal soft callus? |
PRIMARY REPAIR (DIRECT) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:44:02 GMT |
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| What are the two kinds of bone healing? |
-PRIMARY (DIRECT)
-SECONDARY (INDIRECT) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:44:02 GMT |
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| What does trauma do to bone? |
-DISRUPTS THE BIOLOGICAL
-MECHANICAL
-STRUCTURAL
-ARCHITECTURAL
-HISTEOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT OF BONE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:44:02 GMT |
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| Bone regeneration involves what? |
-BONE MARROW
-BONE CORTEX
-PERIOSTEUM AND EXTERNAL SOFT TISSUES |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:37:50 GMT |
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| Any abnormal disruption in the normal anatomic continuity of bone? |
FRACTURE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:37:50 GMT |
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| Intermittent pysiologic loads applied to bone stimulate adaptive responses? |
WOLF'S LAW |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:37:50 GMT |
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| This is a life long process in response to mechanical stress? |
BONE REMODELING |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:37:50 GMT |
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| Inside of bone (looks like sponge candy)? |
CANCELUS BONE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:27:56 GMT |
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| What are the goals of fracture management? |
-FRAGMENT REDUCTION
-MAINTENANCE OF ALIGNMENT
-PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF FUCTION |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:27:56 GMT |
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| What are the negative effects of immobilization? |
-JOINT STIFFNESS
-SHORTENING OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
-DECREASED WATER CONTENT
-DECREASED LIGAMENT STRENGTH
-LOSS OF BONE
-WEAKENING OF CARTILAGE AND TENDONS
-MUSLCE ATROPHY |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:27:56 GMT |
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| How are grades I and II ankle sprains treated? |
TREATED WITH PROTECTIVE BRACING AND STRENGTHENING TO PROVIDE DYNAMIC MUSCULAR SUPPORT |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:06:58 GMT |
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| Grade III ankle sprain? |
COMPLETE RUPTURE WITH PROFOUND INSTABILITY AND LAXITY |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:06:58 GMT |
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| Grade II ankle sprain? |
TEARING OF FIBERS WITH MODERATE LAXITY |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:06:58 GMT |
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| Grade 1 ankle sprain? |
MICROSCOPIC TEARING AND NO LAXITY |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:06:58 GMT |
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| Sprains are always associated with what kind of injury? |
LIGAMENT INJURIES |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:44:25 GMT |
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| What are 3 key conditions that must exist for ligaments to heal well? |
-ENDS MUST BE IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER
-PROGRESSIVE, CONTROLLED STRESS MUST BE APPLIED TO THE HEALING TISSUES TO ORIENT SCAR TISSUE FORMATION
-PROTECTION |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:32:47 GMT |
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| Ligaments heal by what process? |
BY THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS BECAUSE THEY HAVE A GOOD BLOOD SUPPLY |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:32:47 GMT |
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True/False
Ligaments have a poor blood supply |
FALSE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:29:06 GMT |
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| How to intra-articular ligaments heal? |
DO NOT HEAL SPONTANEOUSLY
(EX: ACL) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:29:06 GMT |
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| How do extra-articular ligaments heal? |
IN A HIGHLY STRUCTURED, ORGANIZED AND PREDICTABLE FASHION
(EX: MCL) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:29:06 GMT |
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| Ligament healing occurs in one of two ways? |
-EXTRA-ARTICULAR
-INTRA-ARTICULAR |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:29:06 GMT |
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| Interface between muslces and bones? |
SHARPEY FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:22:04 GMT |
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| Ligaments will attach to bones in one of two ways. Describe what they are? |
-DIRECT: GRADUAL CHANGE FROM SPECIFIC LIGAMENT FIBERS, FIBROCARTILAGE, CALCIFIED FIBROCARTILAGE, BONE
-INDIRECT: SUPERICIAL LAYERS ATTACH TO THE PERIOSTEUM, DEEP FIBERS TRANSITION TO BONE BY WAY OF SHARPY'S PERFORATING FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:22:04 GMT |
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| This connective tissue is rich in sensory innervation, propioception and pain? |
LIGAMENTS |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:22:04 GMT |
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| What determines the overall strength of a ligament? |
THE RATIO OF ELASTIN TO COLLAGEN |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:22:04 GMT |
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| What will an alteration in the ECM do to connective tisue? |
-INFLUENCES NORMAL ARCHITECTURE
-IMPAIRS ORGAN FUNCTION
-CHANGES THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TISSUES |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:17:01 GMT |
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| Tissues with a high proteoglycan content, combinded with a network of collagen fibers, withstand what kind of force? |
COMPRESSION |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:17:01 GMT |
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| Tissues with a high collagen-fiber content and low amounts of proteoglycans will resist what kind of forces? |
TENSILE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:17:01 GMT |
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| The ability of connective tissue to function properly is determined by the _________________ of the matrix components? |
PROPORTIONS |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:17:00 GMT |
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| This fibrous component of the ECM is responsible for facilitating the exchange of water, oxygen, cells, and gases? |
GROUND SUBSTANCE |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:11:38 GMT |
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| This fibrous component is responsible for the compressive strength of cartilage? |
-PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYOAMINOGLYCANS (GAGS) |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:11:38 GMT |
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| This fibrous component is the most abundant component in the ECM? |
COLLAGEN |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:11:38 GMT |
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| Can elongate about 70% without undergoing fiber disruption? |
ELASTIN |
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MichaelMorano Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:11:38 GMT |
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