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| CTA Chest |
-diagnoses a PE by injection of contrast at a high rate (4ml/sec.)
-tracked at the pulmonary artery to highlight a PE |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:59:21 GMT |
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| D-dimer |
-a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis
-contains two crosslinked D fragments of the fibrinogen protein
-diagnose thrombosis |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:59:21 GMT |
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| PE |
-pulmonary embolism
-most significant risk factor is an untreated DVT
-blood clot in the lungs
-acute onset chest pain, SOB, diaphoresis, dizziness, hypoxia
Alerts:
Common concern for any CC of SOB, r/o w/ D-dimer --> if pos CTA Chest. If untreated, PE can be lethal. |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:59:21 GMT |
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| venous doppler |
provides pictures of the veins throughout the body |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:52:45 GMT |
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| thrombophlebitis |
blood clot in a superficial vein |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:52:45 GMT |
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| DVT |
-Deep Vein Thrombosis
-blood clot in any of the extremities
-Risk factors: long periods of immobilization/recent prolonged travel, recent surgeries, history of blood clots, cancer, pregnancy, and birth control + smoking
-Presentation: swelling, pain, tenderness
-diagnosed by venous doppler,
-treated with blood thinners |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:52:44 GMT |
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| thoracentesis |
procedure to remove excess fluid in the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This space is called the pleural space |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:49:26 GMT |
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| Pleural Effusion |
-Fluid in the pleural cavity
-Typically worse with laying down
-If minor, can be monitored
-If large, must be drained via thoracentesis |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:49:26 GMT |
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| Bronchitis |
inflammation of the bronchioles |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:49:26 GMT |
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| Pneumothorax |
-collapsed lung
-collection of air in the space around the lungs
-puts pressure on the lung
-spontaneous vs. trauma |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:47:20 GMT |
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| CAP Protocol |
community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) protocol |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:47:20 GMT |
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| Pneumonia |
fever, cough, CAP protocol |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:47:20 GMT |
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| Nebulizer |
device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:41:32 GMT |
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| Asthma |
hospitalization, home nebulizer, inhaler |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:41:32 GMT |
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| COPD |
-emphysema
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-refers to chronic bronchitis
-airways become narrowed
-shortness of breath
-smoker
-home O2 |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:40:45 GMT |
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| Chest Wall Pain |
-muscular pain
-worse with movement
-may be the result of recent trauma
-pain with movement of the trunk, tenderness on exam, breathing limited by pain |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:22:02 GMT |
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| Pleurisy |
-inflammation of the pleura (thin layers of tissue covering the lungs) usually as a result of lower respiratory infection
-chest pain worse with deep breaths, coughing, sneezing or sudden movement |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:21:15 GMT |
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| Costrochondritis |
-inflammation of the cartilage around the ribs, typically pleuritic pain
-pain with inspiration, coughing or pain reproduced with movement |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:21:15 GMT |
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| Ortho |
"straight" or "correct" |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:19:08 GMT |
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| Orthopnea |
-shortness of breath (dyspnea) which occurs when lying flat
-relieved by sitting or standing |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:19:08 GMT |
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| Paroxysmal |
A sudden outburst of emotion or action |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:17:27 GMT |
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| DOE |
dyspnea on exertion |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:17:27 GMT |
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| PND |
-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-sudden, severe shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep
-closely associated with CHF |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:17:27 GMT |
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| CHF |
-Congestive Heart Failure
-Pulmonary edema/congestion, low EF (ejection fraction), poor cardiac output and increased peripheral vascular resistance
-decreased efficiency of the body’s circulatory system
-commonly treated w/ diuretics supplemented w/ potassium
-PND
-Orthopnea
-DOE |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:17:27 GMT |
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| Ways to do stress tests |
Treadmill or Nuclear medication/Thallium/Adenosine |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:07:56 GMT |
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| Angina |
not a “disease” itself but rather a symptom of CAD
“heart pain” |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:07:56 GMT |
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| Cath lab |
coronary arteries are visualized, stents may be placed |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:07:56 GMT |
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| STEMI |
-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
-Active MI
-shown in morphological changes of EKG
-door to Cath-lab 60 min. |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:07:56 GMT |
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| When is ASA given to cardiac patients? |
Always, unless allergy |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:01:26 GMT |
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| SL |
sublingual |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:01:26 GMT |
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| NTG |
Nitroglycerin
opens up blood vessels
vasodilator
administered by SL spray or 1” patch (paste) |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:01:26 GMT |
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| MI |
Myocardial Infarction |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 03:01:26 GMT |
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| hypercholesterolemia |
-elevated cholesterol levels |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:49:53 GMT |
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| hyperlipidemia |
-commonly occurring form of hypercholesterolemia characterised by increased LDL and triglyceride concentrations, often accompanied by decreased HDL |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:49:53 GMT |
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| CAD |
-Coronary Artery Disease
-describes compromised coronary artery function causing an increased risk of MI
-Risk factors: age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of smoking, obesity, diabetes, ethnicity, family history of cardiac disease |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:49:53 GMT |
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| BKA/AKA |
below/above the knee amputation |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:45:35 GMT |
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| Pacemaker/AICD |
-Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
-a small battery-powered electrical impulse generator
-implanted in patients who are at risk of ventricular fibrillation
-detects cardiac arrhythmia and corrects it by delivering a jolt of electricity |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:45:35 GMT |
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| Stents |
-artificial 'tube' inserted into a natural passage to counteract flow constriction |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:45:35 GMT |
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| Angiogram |
-medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels -injecting a radio-opaque agent into the blood vessel and imaging using X-ray (fluoroscopy)
-the film of the blood vessels is called an angiogram |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:45:35 GMT |
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| CABG |
-coronary artery bypass graft
-heart bypass
-arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:45:35 GMT |
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| Mastectomy |
surgical removal of one or both breasts |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Colectomy |
surgical resection of any extent of the large intestine |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Tonsillectomy |
surgical removal of the tonsils |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| D&C |
dilation and curettage
refers to the dilation of the cervix and surgical removal of part of the uterine lining by scraping |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Tubal ligation |
form of female sterilization, in which the fallopian tubes are severed and sealed |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Salpingo-oophorectomy |
surgical removal of a fallopian tube and an ovary |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Oophorectomy |
surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Hysterectomy |
surgical removal of the uterus |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Cholecystectomy |
surgical removal of the gallbladder |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| Appendectomy |
surgical removal of the appendix |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:25:43 GMT |
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| MD/Scribe Notes |
HPI: history of present illness
ROS: review of systems
PMH: past medical history
FSHx: family/social history
PE: physical exam |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:15:11 GMT |
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| ED Flow |
Triage (RN): vitals, CC, short hx, level of acuity assigned
Bed assignment
Primary nurse assessment
MD/Scribe
Waiting for labs and test results
Disposition |
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mcs5109 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 02:15:11 GMT |
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