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| a toxin that damages or destroys nerve tissue |
neurotoxin |
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| toxin that causes hemolytic reaction |
hemotoxin |
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| colorless, odorless sweet liquid obtained by saponification of natural fats and oils |
glycerol |
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| label on food containers informing consumer of contents |
food label |
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| nucleic acid consisting of a long chain of nucleotide units; similar to DNA, but containing ribose |
ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
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| a sugar having several optically different forms |
glucose |
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| the ability of a substance to draw another substance into it |
capillary action |
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| an ester obtained from glycerol by the esterification of 3 hydroxyl groups with fatty acids |
triglyceride |
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| any of the various phosphorus - containing lipids that are composed mainly of fatty acids |
phospholipids |
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| having a strong affinity for water |
hydrophilic |
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| having little or no affinity for water |
hydrophobic |
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| any class of aliphatic acids consisting a long hydocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group that bonds to glycerol to form a fat |
fatty acid |
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| any of a group of carbohydrates that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis |
disaccharide |
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| a peptide that yields two amino acids - on hydrolysis |
dipeptide |
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| basic organic molecule that combines to form proteins |
amino acid |
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| any compound of carbon and any other element |
organic compound |
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| chemical decomposition in which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting with water |
hydrolysis |
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| chemical reaction in which 2 molecules combine to form a single one |
condensation reaction |
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| a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions |
adenosine triphosphate |
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| capable of ionizing; electrolytic |
polar |
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| the molecular force between particles within a body or substance that acts to unite them |
cohesion |
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| the molecular force of attraction in the area of contact between unlike bodies that acts to hold them together |
adhesion |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:19 GMT |
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| ionized hydrogen of form H+, found in aqueous solutions of all acids |
hydrogen ion |
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| atom that causes acidity in the pH scale; hydrated hydrogen ion, H30+ |
hydronium atom |
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| atom that causes base in the pH scale; anion OH- |
hydroxide atom |
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| a submit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
nucleotide |
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| complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
nucleic acid |
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| carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins |
amino acid |
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| organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building blocks of organisms |
protein |
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| hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, wax |
lipid |
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| organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom |
carbohydrate |
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| molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer |
monomer |
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| large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
polymer |
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| large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
macromolecule |
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| mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range |
buffer |
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| measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution |
pH |
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| substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water |
base |
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| substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water |
acid |
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| substance dissolved in a solvent |
solute |
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| substance in which another substance is dissolved |
solvent |
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| homogeneous mixture formed when the solute is dissolved in the solvent |
solution |
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| homogeneous/heterogeneous combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics |
mixture |
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| weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom |
hydrogen bond |
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| molecule with oppositely charged regions |
polar molecule |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:18 GMT |
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| specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
active site |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:18 GMT |
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| reactant to which an enzyme binds |
substrate |
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| protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
enzyme |
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| substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy |
catalyst |
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| minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
activation energy |
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| substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
product |
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| energy-requiring process by which atoms or goups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances |
chemical reaction |
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| attractive forces between molecules |
van der Waals force |
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| electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
ionic bond |
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| atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons |
ion |
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| compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
molecule |
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| type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
covalent bond |
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| pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine |
compound |
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| two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons |
isotope |
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| pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means |
element |
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| negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus |
electron |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:18 GMT |
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| particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus |
neutron |
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| positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
proton |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:18 GMT |
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| center of an atom, contains neutrons and protons |
nucleus |
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smiley Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:22:18 GMT |
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| building block of matter; contains subatomic particles - neutrons, protons, electrons |
atom |
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