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| smooth muscle |
involuntary, located in walls of hollow organs |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:33:06 GMT |
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| cardiac muscle |
involuntary, pumps blood into circulation, located inside walls of heart |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:33:06 GMT |
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| skeletal muscle |
voluntary, located throughout the body attached to bones |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:33:06 GMT |
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| striations |
dark & light bands (A & I) which appear under a microscope when viewing skeletal muscle |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:21:40 GMT |
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| what zones disappear when muscle contracts? |
H zone & I band |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:19:58 GMT |
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| fixator |
muscle that stabilizes the bone movement when another is contracting |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:19:58 GMT |
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| synergist |
muscle that assists agonist
supraspinatus muscle assists the deltoid in abduction |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:29:33 GMT |
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| antagonist |
opposes action of agonist
rectus femoris is antagonist to the hamstrings extends the leg |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:51:38 GMT |
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| agonist |
prime mover, principle muscle involved in an action
biceps femoris flexes the knee |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:28:18 GMT |
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4 characteristics of muscle
E^3 C |
elasticity, extensibility, excitability, contractility |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:19:58 GMT |
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| big muscles relates to: |
increase in connective tissue btween myofibers and increase in # of mitochondria |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:19:58 GMT |
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| adductor longus |
name based on its action- abducts the thigh |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:49:26 GMT |
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| calcium ions |
breaks up troponin & tropomyosin bond to free binding sites on actin for myosin to bind to |
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shirl_brenn Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:09:19 GMT |
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| ATP |
provides energy, allows myosin heads to slide actin filaments |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| muscle contraction requires: |
calcium ion and ATP |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| thick vs thin filaments |
thin composed of actin
thick composed of myosin |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| sliding filament theory- which contract? |
myofibril, myofiber, sarcomere |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| sequence order |
myofilaments, myofibrils, myofiber, fascicle, muscle |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| proteins |
4 organic molecules that compose myofilaments |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| fascicles vs myofibrils |
fascicles- bundles of fibers surrounded my connective tissue perimyssium
myofibrils- bundles of myofilaments surrounded by sarcolemma |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum |
endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cell stores calcium ions |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| sarcolemma |
muscle cell membrane |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| sarcomere |
functional unit of skeletal muscle |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| motor unit |
consists of a single nerve fiber and all muscle fibers it innervates |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| myofillament |
contractile element in skeletal muscle |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:46:12 GMT |
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| tendons |
join muscles to bones (tendon of quadriceps femoris)
consists of dense regular connective tissue |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:50:13 GMT |
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| ligaments |
join bones to bones (medial collateral ligament)
consists of dense regular connective tissue |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:50:13 GMT |
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| menisci |
found in knee joint, fibrocatilaginous disc that improves the fit between bone ends to minimize the wear and tear on joint surfaces |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:50:13 GMT |
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| epymisium |
connective tissue covering muscle |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:33:07 GMT |
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| perimisium |
connective tissue layer btween fascicles |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:32:40 GMT |
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| endomysium |
connective tissue covering around muscle fiber sarcolemma |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:32:05 GMT |
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| diarthrosis (synovial joints) |
freely movable, defined by the presence of a synovial joint cavity filled w synovial fluid, most common joint (knee, shoulder, finger, ankle, wrist, atlas/axis, distal end of tibia & fibula, tmj) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:18:56 GMT |
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| amphiarthrosis (cartilagenous) |
2 joints joined by cartilage, slightly movable, 2 kinds: sychondrosis & symphysis, (intervertebral disc, pubic symphisis, hip, elbow, ribs/sternum, epiphyseal plate) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:10:03 GMT |
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| synarthroses (fibrous) |
adjacent bones joined by collagen fibers, no movemet, 3 kinds: sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis-teeth (radioulnar) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:09:56 GMT |
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| myofibril |
component of muscle cells made of myofillaments |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:34:28 GMT |
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| myofiber |
muscle cell |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:33:43 GMT |
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| fascicle |
bundle of muscle fibers |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 23:33:31 GMT |
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| joint |
a place where 2 bones come together, hold skeleton together, allow for increased mobility and flexibility of skeleton, classified by function and structure |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:29:10 GMT |
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| intramembranous ossification |
process in which bone is formed by ossification of connective tissue, only skull and clavicle bones are formed by this process |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:26:02 GMT |
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| endochondral ossification |
process in which bone is formed from hyaline cartilage, majority of bones are formed by this process |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:26:02 GMT |
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| compact bone vs spongy |
compact consist of osteons w osteocytes in lacuane and lamellae
spongy consists of trabecuale filled with red bone marrow |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:26:02 GMT |
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| bursae |
fluid filled sac that acts like a "ball bearing" decreasing friction in joints |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:46:15 GMT |
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| mesenchyme |
connective tissues in embryos in dermal layer of skin |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| carpals/metacarpals/digits |
8+5+5=18 |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| tarsals, metatarsals, digits |
7+5+5= 17 |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| pelvic inlet |
true pelvis, largest hole in pelvis |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| male vs female pelvic bone |
males have more curvature in sacrum, male pelvic inlet and outlet is smaller and less wider, males have smaller pubic angles |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| ischial tuberosity |
butt bone |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 3 pelvic bones |
illium, ischium,pubis...illium being the largest and articulates to sacrum |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| neck of femur |
where majority of hip fractures occur |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| C1 vs C2 |
C1 lacks a body and called atlas, C2 called axis has process on which atlas rotates called dens/odontoid |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| thoracic vertebrae |
heart shaped body, long spinous process which point inferiorly |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| cervical vertebrae |
transverse process contain round transverse foramina |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| hyoid bone |
only bone that does not articulate w any other bone, attachment site for for tongue and larynx muscles and ligaments |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 2 bones of TMJ |
temporal and mandible |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 4 cranial sutures |
sagittal, squamous, coronal, lamboid |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 5 types of vertebra |
crevical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 10 cranial bones or part of |
temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, occipital, frontal, crista galli, sella turcica, cribiform plate, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, external auditory meatus |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| nasal conchae |
creates turbulance in inhaled air |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 4 paranasal sinuses |
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| paranasal sinus |
enclose, protect and support organs like the brain, passageway for blood and lymph, reduce weight of skull |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| osteogenic/osteoprogenitor |
found in periosteum and endosteum, gives rise to osteoblasts |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| osteocyte |
mature osteoblast, surrounded by bony matrix but does not produce it, found in osteons, arise from macrophages (leukocytes) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| osteoblast |
produces bony matrix, activated when blood calcium levels are low, activated by parathyroid hormone ( increases calcium) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| osteoclast |
breaks down bony matrix, activated when blood calcium levels are high, activated by calcitonin (decreases calcium) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| 4 types of bone cells |
osteoclast, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| bony matrix |
composed of (organic) proteins and (inorganic) mineral salts such as calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide fibers, play role in calcification of bone, form crystals of hydroxyapatite which harden the extra cellular matrix |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 22:21:24 GMT |
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| irregular bone |
complex in shape, (ethmoid) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| flat bone |
flat and thin, composed of rough parallel surface of compact bone and internal layer of spongy, protect underlying soft tissues and provides surface for muscle attachment, (roof of the skull) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| short bone |
nearly equal in length and width, externally covered by compact bone and internally by spongy, (patella) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| long bone |
greater in length than width, have a diaphysis, most common bone shape (femur) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| canaliculi |
tiny canals in bony matrix thru which nutrients/waste travels to/from osteocytes |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| lacuanae |
spaces in which osteocytes lie |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| lamellae |
concentric rings of bony mtrix in compact bone |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| volcann's canal (perforating) |
horizontal canals carrying blood vessels and nerves, in compact bone |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:05 GMT |
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| harvesian (central) canal |
vertical canals carrying blood vessels and nerves, in compact bone |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| diploee |
spongy bone layer in flat bone |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| 3 bones where red marrow can be found |
flat bones of skull, sternum, proximal epiphysis of femur |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Functions of skeletal system |
support of the body, protect organs (rib cage, pelvic girdle, cranium, vertebral column), movement, blood cell production, stores minerals |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Skeletal organs |
bones 206 named, cartilages, joints and articulations,ligaments-connect bone to bone dense reg connective tissue |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Trabeculae |
thin plates of bone in spongy bone, form lattice work structure, space called trabecular spaces |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Red bone marrow |
found in spongy bone, used for hematopoeisis (blood cell formation) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Yellow bone marrow |
found inside medullary cavity in adult bone, used for lipid storage |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| 2 types of cartilage |
hyaline (articular) ends of long bones, (costal) btween ribs and sternum, (fetal skeleton)
fibrocartilage found in pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks, menisci of the knee joints |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Periosteum |
connective tissue covering the shaft, outer connective tissue covering the diaphysis |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Endosteum |
connective tissue lining the medullary cavity |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Metaphysis |
middle btween epi/diaphysis, made up of either hyaline cartilage (epiphyseal plate- bones grow in length) or bone tissue (epiphyseal line- no more length/growth can occur...ossified remnant of the growth plate) |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Epiphysis |
ends of a long bone, made up of spongy bone (cancellous) and thin outer layer os compact bone, where articular occurs |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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| Diaphysis |
shaft of a long bone, made up of compact and dense bone, provides strength |
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shirl_brenn Thu, 11 Mar 2010 21:45:04 GMT |
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