| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| crime occurs when... |
a person's bonds to society are weakened or broken |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:50:47 GMT |
 |
| tannebaum |
focused on what happened after individuals committed crime- they're seen differently by society
-tagging |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:50:47 GMT |
|
| who is the main thiker behind positivism and what is he known as |
cesar lembroso
the father of criminology |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:50:47 GMT |
|
| social disorganization critique |
ecological failacy- use of group crime rates to explain individual behavior
ecological determination- based on the concept that social structure is a determining mechanism wheter they are delinquent or not regardless of all other factors |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:45:52 GMT |
|
| Bursik and grasmick's three levels of control |
private level
public- relationship between neighborhood and other sorts of organizations
parochial level- relationship between the families and the neighborhood |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:45:52 GMT |
|
| three components of social disorganization theory |
poverty, residential mobility, racial and ethnic heterogeneity |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:45:52 GMT |
|
| importance of Osgood's test |
looked at the individual offender rather then the total crime rate
-motivation(situational)
-suitable target(situational)
unstructured socialization with peers leads to delinquency |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:45:52 GMT |
|
| Loewstein(1997) |
sexual assault- test about prearousal and sexual aggression
prearousal and immediate arrousal test groups were more likely to imagine using sexual forcefullness then the control group |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:10:05 GMT |
|
| routine activities theory and the increase of crime in the 1960's |
attempts to explain why crime occurs relating to lifestyle and opportunity
-increased in 60s because of the increase in general wealth(people have more, better things to steal)\ |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:10:05 GMT |
|
| deterrence theory and punishment |
punishment should be preventative swift and severe |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:10:05 GMT |
|
| the two competing schools of thought to come out of early criminology |
classical and positivist |
0 |
mwagner49 Mon, 17 May 2010 01:10:05 GMT |
|
| turning points |
transitions that change a persons trajectory
ex) marriage or a meaningful job |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:57:25 GMT |
|
| transitions |
changes that occur due to specific events |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:48:10 GMT |
|
| trajectory |
long term patterns or sequences of behavior |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:48:10 GMT |
|
| life course persistent vs. adolescent-limited offenders |
adolescent limited mainly only offend during adolescence and life course offend throughout the majority of their life |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:48:10 GMT |
|
| street vs.decent |
street people adopt the code, react to even the slightest form of disrespect with violence
decent people are members of the work force, go to church, two parent households |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:48:10 GMT |
|
| master status |
the status that defines you overall
ex) a delinquent's master status is delinquent |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:40:55 GMT |
|
| status degradation ceremony |
ceremonies by which individuals are defined by society and themselves as deviant
-talkinga bout trials, crim justice system |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:40:55 GMT |
|
| secondary deviance |
the result of a dynamic interaction between n individuals deviance and the society's response
-changes people
-behavior is recognized |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:40:55 GMT |
|
| primary deviance |
occasional or situational, may be rationalized by either the actor and/or the social audience |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:40:55 GMT |
|
| differential reinforcement |
behavior is the balance of anticipated or actual rewards or punishments that are consequences of the behavior |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:29:23 GMT |
|
| belief |
having a belief in conventional norms and the law |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:29:23 GMT |
|
| involvement |
the engagement in legitimate social and recreational activities |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:29:23 GMT |
|
| commitment |
the degree to which an individual maintains a vested interest in the social and economic system |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:29:23 GMT |
|
| attachment |
your bonds to others and institutions |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:13:45 GMT |
|
| intensity |
the degree of meaning attached to the exposure |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:13:45 GMT |
|
| priority |
the preference that individuals express toward the values and attitudes exposed |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:13:45 GMT |
|
| duration |
length of time exposed to the contact |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:13:45 GMT |
|
| frequency |
number of contacts, number times you see that one person |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:11:16 GMT |
|
| "middle class measuring rod" |
youth are held to the standards of the middle and upper class regardless of their own individual socioeconomic standard |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:11:16 GMT |
|
| status frustration |
Ex) kids get frustrated because they can't achieve middle class goals so they seek status through delinquency |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:11:16 GMT |
|
| modes of adaption (5) |
adaption: Martha stewert used illegitimate trading
Ritualism: micheal scott(the office) doesnt want to be promoted
Rebellion: Hippies replace goals and means with goals and means of their own
Retreatism: L.Lohan reject goals and means
Conformity: O'Bama |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:11:16 GMT |
|
| anomie: Durkheim's definition |
normlessness, during periods of rapid social change, it's hard for society to regulate behavior- becomes normlessness |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:03:10 GMT |
|
| reaction formation |
a process in which a person openly rejects what they want but cannot achieve
ex) kids who want to go to college but can't reject their friend who's going |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:03:10 GMT |
|
| collective efficacy |
social cohesion
-willingness to intervene for the common good
ex) call the cops when you see something happening to someone else |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:03:10 GMT |
|
| Cultural transmission |
old delinquents teach younger delinquents about traditions, skills |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 19:03:10 GMT |
|
| Utilitarian philosophy |
maximize pleasure and minimize pain |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 18:47:25 GMT |
|
| target hardening |
specifically refers to increasing the effort |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 18:47:25 GMT |
|
| Simultaneity |
competing explanations
-sanction was imposed because of the crime rate |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 18:47:25 GMT |
|
| Displacement |
when crime takes another form as a result to intervention
-you focus on one area and as a result crime goes to another area |
0 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 18:47:25 GMT |
|
| white collar crime |
crime done by someone of high social standing. -planned in advance Ex) embezzlement, extortion, money laundering, tax evasion, insurance fraud. |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:20:12 GMT |
|
| four main rights given to victims in Maryland |
the right to be heard, the right to be present, the right to be respected, the right to be informed of rights |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 22:33:36 GMT |
|
| terrorism |
threatened or actual use of illegal force directed against civilians by non state actors, to obtain political gain through fear, intimidation. |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:20:12 GMT |
|
| Scully and Marolla |
found that deniers of rape: said women were seductresses, relaxed and enjoyed it, only a minor wrong doing
found that admitters of rape: justified through being drunk or high, emotional problems, nice guy image |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:20:12 GMT |
|
| Rape |
the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
7/10 victims are raped by someone who was a relative, friend, or aquantance |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:10:29 GMT |
|
| Advantages and weaknesses of Self Report Data |
+ easy, gets rid of the dark figure of crime, anonymous
- dishonesty, reporters not wanting other people to find out, not standardized |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:07:05 GMT |
|
| Advantages and weaknesses of NCVS |
+ looks at the cost of crime (mental Health, $)
- inaccurate reporting(exagerations, people dont want to talk about incident, victim exhaustion, time and sample bias (homeless people arent getting interviewed) |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:07:05 GMT |
|
| NCVS |
National Crime Victimizations Survey |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:07:05 GMT |
|
| NIBRS |
National Incident Based Reporting System
collects detailed information about the sircumstances surrounding the crime |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:58:02 GMT |
|
| advantages and weaknesses of UCR |
+ easy to collect, been around since '30's,inexpensice, you can see what the big picture is
- dark figure of crime, hierarchy rule |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:58:02 GMT |
|
| ways to express crime data |
raw figures, change over time, rates |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:58:02 GMT |
|
| UCR |
Uniform Crime Reports: goal is to develop a uniform set of crime statistics
-large database compiled by the FBI |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:58:02 GMT |
|
| Self report |
information on crimes supplied through interviews with people who admit to their own crimality
focuses on youth crime |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 02:02:03 GMT |
|
| Victim reporting |
information on crime gathered through interviews with citizens (National Crime Victimization Survey) |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 19:40:49 GMT |
|
| official reporting |
information on crime submitted by official agencies (police depts) |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 19:41:01 GMT |
|
| What are the 3 main sources of crime data |
official, victim, and self report |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:47:46 GMT |
|
| race most likely to commit crime |
african american |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:29:24 GMT |
|
| gender most likely to be victimized |
male |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:29:24 GMT |
|
| age range most likely to be offenders |
15-25 years old |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:08:34 GMT |
|
| the strongest correlate of crime |
gender |
0 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:08:34 GMT |
|
| burglary |
FBI def: the unlawful entry of structure to commit serious crime, usually theft or property
-breaking into a house/ structure |
1 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 17:43:48 GMT |
|
| Robbery |
use of violence while stealing, spontaneous
-using a gun or hitting the person |
2 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 17:44:11 GMT |
|
| larceny |
FBI def: unlawful taking, carrying leading, or riding away of property from posession or constructive possession of another
-no violence
-taking something without the person seeing |
2 |
mwagner49 Sun, 16 May 2010 17:43:11 GMT |
|
| mass murder |
killing of 4 or more victims at one location at one time |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:47:43 GMT |
|
| spree killing |
the killing of multiple victims at 2 locations over a short time |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:47:43 GMT |
|
| serial murder |
several victums in 3 or more seperate events |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:47:43 GMT |
|
| involuntary manslaughter |
an accidental killing
Ex) killing someone driving drunk |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:44:21 GMT |
|
| 2nd degree murder |
crimes of passion |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:44:21 GMT |
|
| 1st degree murder |
premeditated |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:44:21 GMT |
|
| Hierarchy Rule |
only the most serious crime is reported |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 23:44:21 GMT |
|
| dark figure of crime |
all crime thats unreported, victimless crimes(drug use, prostitution) |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:57:47 GMT |
|
| crime funnel |
shows all crimes committed and that only some criminals are prosecuted(bottom of the funnel)
-not all criminal activity is reported |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:57:47 GMT |
|
| mala prohibita |
crimes that are bad because they've been prohibited.
Ex) speeding, smoking marijuana |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:57:47 GMT |
|
| mala se |
acts that are bad in and of themselves
Ex) rape |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:57:47 GMT |
|
| consensus perspective |
the definition of crime is based on a shared set of values and norms |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:50:32 GMT |
|
| conflict perspective |
those in power determine the law |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:50:32 GMT |
|
| law |
formal modes of control, institutionalized, always involve legal sanctions |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:50:32 GMT |
|
| mores |
moral judgments
Ex) being gay in a religious community
adultery |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:50:32 GMT |
|
| folkway |
1 of 3 types of norms.
least serious.
traditions, etiquitte. |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:43:51 GMT |
|
| norm |
a rule about what is socially acceptable |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:43:51 GMT |
|
| deviance |
a violation of a social norm
Ex) speeding, underage drinking |
1 |
mwagner49 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 22:36:51 GMT |
|
| crime |
an act that violates the law and is punishable by state |
0 |
mwagner49 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 22:43:51 GMT |
|
