| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| Research Question |
-a tentative generalization about the relationship between two or more variable. |
0 |
johnwp06 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 01:35:45 GMT |
 |
| nonratings |
-provides information on an audience's likes and dislikes; analysises of diff. types of programming, and lifestyle info. |
1 |
johnwp06 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 02:26:03 GMT |
|
| coding |
-placing a unit of analysis into a content category |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:07:27 GMT |
|
| priori coding |
- categories established "before" collecting data on theoretical and conceptual rationale |
1 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:18:47 GMT |
|
| emergent coding |
- categories established "after" a preliminary examination of the data |
1 |
johnwp06 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 19:48:27 GMT |
|
| unit of analysis |
- the item being counted in a content analysis |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:06:01 GMT |
|
| stratified sample |
-a sample selected after the population has been divided into categories |
1 |
johnwp06 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 19:52:50 GMT |
|
| 10) Procedures of Conducting Content Analysis |
1) Formulate research question and/or hypothesis
2) Define the population
3) Select a sample from the population
4) Select Unit of Analysis
5) Construct Content Categories(“codebook”)
6) Establish a Quantification system
7) Train Coders
8) Coding the Content
9) Analyze Data
10) Interpret Results |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:06:01 GMT |
|
| Applications of Content Analysis |
-Studying Media
-Studying Nonmediated Communication - (conversations/facial expressions)
-Studying Manifest content - physically present and countable content
-Studying Latent Content - author's intention in what was said or written |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:06:01 GMT |
|
| Content Analysis |
the systematic, quantitative, and objective study of communication |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:57:25 GMT |
|
| Checklist |
-Type of close-ended ?
-Often used in pilot studies to refine questions |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:57:25 GMT |
|
| Semantic Differential Scales |
-Type of close-ended ?
- Two bipolar adjectives separated by seven spaces
ex: Dull_______Exciting |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:57:25 GMT |
|
| Likert Scales |
-Type of close-ended ?
-respondents rate their agreement with an item
-Strongly Agree - Strongly Disagree |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:57:25 GMT |
|
| Rating Scales |
-type of close-ended ?
- Rating an item (or list of items) on an ordinal, interval, or ratio type scale
ex: I consider myself a sports fan Agree-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Disagree |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:53:14 GMT |
|
| Multiple Choice |
-type of close-ended ?
-respondents can choose an answer from several options |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:53:14 GMT |
|
| Dichotomous Response |
-type of close-ended ?
-yes/no, agree/disagree |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:53:14 GMT |
|
| Close-Ended Questions |
-a question the respondent must answer by making a selection from a prepared set of questions |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:53:14 GMT |
|
| Telephone Surveys |
Type of Survey
- broad reach, random digit dialing; high refusal rate |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:48:21 GMT |
|
| Self Administered Survey |
-Type of Survey
-(ex: group, email, mail)
-inexpensive, reflection time possible, no interviewer bias |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:48:21 GMT |
|
| Face-to-Face Survey |
-Type of Survey
- great detail, visuals used; expensive, dangerous, interviewer bias |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:48:21 GMT |
|
| Survey Method |
- Systemic collection of data from individuals designed to report on cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:48:21 GMT |
|
| Standard Deviation |
- How spread out (dispersed) the values in the sample are. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:41:17 GMT |
|
| Confidence Interval |
- The likely range around the sampling statistic that the population true value would fall. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:41:17 GMT |
|
| Confidence Level |
-How confident a researcher is with the range of the confidence interval (in %). |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:41:17 GMT |
|
| SE (Sampling Error) |
– the standard deviation of the difference between the measured/estimated values (of a sample) and the true values (of a population); measured at certain confidence level. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:41:17 GMT |
|
| 4 Types of Nonprobability Sampling |
1)convenience sampling
2)volunteer sampling
3) purposive sampling (participants selected due to specific characterisitcs)
4)snowball sample (participants recruit other participants) |
1 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:22:46 GMT |
|
| Nonprobability Sampling |
-type of sampling
-doesnt follow mathematical guidelines of probability |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:39:55 GMT |
|
| Probability Sampling |
-type of sampling
-relies on mathematical guidelines and random selection
-allows researchers to caculate sampling error |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:39:55 GMT |
|
| statistic |
- summary value for a sample |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:39:55 GMT |
|
| Sample |
-a subset of the population that is representative of the entire population |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:33:30 GMT |
|
| Sampling Frame |
-a list of the members of a particular population |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:33:30 GMT |
|
| Census |
-study of an entire population |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:33:30 GMT |
|
| Population |
- a group or class of subjects, variable, concepts or phenomena
- sample is drawn from this |
1 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:36:30 GMT |
|
| Ethnography |
-Type of Qualitative Research
– researchers spend a period of time living with and observing other cultures in a natural setting |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:10:08 GMT |
|
| Case Studies |
-Type of Qualitative Research
– focus on a particular phenomenon, detailed description of topic;
they are inductive, in that they attempt to discover new relationships |
2 |
johnwp06 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 19:40:54 GMT |
|
| Intensive Interviews |
-Type of Qualitative Research
- interviews are an interaction; specific questions, detailed info on sensitive issues, subjects not random… |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:10:08 GMT |
|
| Focus Groups |
– interview with 6-12 subjects and a moderator who leads a discussion on a specific subject |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:06:33 GMT |
|
| Field Observations |
-Type of Qualitative Research
-a study of a phenomenon in a natural setting |
1 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:18:18 GMT |
|
| Hypothesis |
- tentative statement describing the relationship between two or more values that predicts an outcome.
|
2 |
johnwp06 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 02:37:22 GMT |
|
| Dependent Variable |
- what researcher wants to explain; consequence/output; what is affected in an experiment |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:06:33 GMT |
|
| Independent Variable |
-what the researcher uses to explain the DV; cause/input; what is manipulated |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:03:01 GMT |
|
| 4 Levels of Variables |
1) Nominal – no intrinsic numerical ordering of values, numerals just labels
2) ordinal – values ranked (ex: smallest to largest)
3) interval – has intrinsic value ordering, equal distance between values (ex: temperature)
4) ratio – intrinsic numerical ordering, with an absolute zero (time, distance, mph) |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:03:01 GMT |
|
| Operational Variable |
-Definition of Variable
-describe the precise/exact way a variable is measured |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:03:01 GMT |
|
| Conceptual Variable |
-Definition of Variable
-use other abstract terms to describe |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 22:03:01 GMT |
|
| Variable |
-a phenomenon or event that can be measured or manipulated |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:56:41 GMT |
|
| Concept |
-abstraction formed from generalizing from particulars and summarizing related observations. (ex: the term table and the variety of objects the word represents, simplifying terms and expressions) |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:56:41 GMT |
|
| Qualitative Research |
-Type of Research
-smaller samples,
-ex: (focus groups, in-depth interviews, case studies, field observations. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:56:41 GMT |
|
| Quantitative Research |
-Type of Research
-Deals with larger samples
ex: telephone surveys, internet surveys
-all respondents asked the same questions |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:56:41 GMT |
|
| Applied Research |
-type of research
-examines specific practical issues, used to solve a problem |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:53:20 GMT |
|
| 5 Characteristics of Scientific Method |
1) Scientific research is public
2) Science is objective
3) Science is empirical
4) Science is systematic and cumulative
5) Science is predictive |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:53:20 GMT |
|
| Method of Authority |
-way of knowing
-trusted source says something’s true |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:53:20 GMT |
|
| Method of Intuition |
-way of knowing
-something is true because it makes sense |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:53:20 GMT |
|
| Method of Tenacity |
-Way of knowing
-something is true because it’s always been true |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:47:49 GMT |
|
| 4 Ways of Knowing |
1) Method of Tenacity
2) Method of Intuition
3) Method of Authority
4)Scientific Method |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:47:49 GMT |
|
| -readability |
-the sum total of all the elements and their interactions that affect the success of a piece of printed material |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:47:49 GMT |
|
| -Readability Studies |
-type of research/study
-how textual elements affect comprehension of the content |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:47:49 GMT |
|
| Wanta and Gao Typography Study |
-found that large graphics and small photos were more desireable among highschoolers |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:43:33 GMT |
|
| -Click and Baird Typography Study |
-Found that – Large illustrations attract more readers than small ones, no italics, large picture and small amount of texts in openings of articles attract readers |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:43:33 GMT |
|
| Typography and Makeup Research |
-Type of research/study
-The impact of design elements (e.g., page layout, illustrations, text font) on readership |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:43:33 GMT |
|
| Management Studies |
-type of research/study
-determines Job satisfaction, management structure, and the impact of (consolidation of) ownership on content and quality |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:43:32 GMT |
|
| Circulation Studies |
-Type of research/study
-determines the penetration levels of a publication in various markets and various aspects of the delivery and pricing systems |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:40:10 GMT |
|
| Readership Studies |
-Type of research/study
-determines who reads a publication, what items are read, and why they read it. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:40:10 GMT |
|
| •Policy making |
-use of media research
-FCC and FTC set policy; concerns with what media does to people (censoring media violence) |
1 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:28:45 GMT |
|
| •Buying and selling media companies |
-use of media research
-Factors taken into consideration here include: market revenue, ratings and shares of the company, audience demographics, economics, amount of competition, location, network affiliation |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:40:10 GMT |
|
| share |
% of the HUT or PUR that is tuned to a specific station, channel, or network. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:36:54 GMT |
|
| rating |
% of people or households in a population w/ a tv or radio tuned to a specific station |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:36:54 GMT |
|
| Buying and Selling Advertising Time |
-Use of media research
-price of ads related to audience size and composition
-due to rating and share |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:36:54 GMT |
|
| programming decisions |
-use of media research
-cancelation/renewal of shows due to ratings, size and demography of audience, likely rating, formats for radio shows, etc. |
0 |
johnwp06 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 21:36:54 GMT |
|
