| front |
back |
revisions |
lasted changed by |
history |
| SLEEP |
Stage 1: light
2: transitional
3/4: slow waves sleep, delta waves, arousal difficult
REM: like alpha waves of awake person, skeletal muscles inhibited, dreaming; move eyes and breathe |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:46:45 GMT |
 |
| immune system sleep |
interferons, interleukens |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:46:45 GMT |
|
| prefrontal cortex |
-teenage lobatomy!
-cognition, reasoning, complex learning, personality
-makes us human! |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:40:28 GMT |
|
| broca's area |
-motor for speech |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:40:28 GMT |
|
| frontal eye area |
-voluntary eye mvts |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:40:28 GMT |
|
| premotor cortex |
-sensory guidance of movement
-skilled, repetitive mvts |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:40:28 GMT |
|
| functional areas of cerebral cortex |
-occupital lobe
-temporal lobe
-precentral gyrus |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:40:28 GMT |
|
| postcentral gyrus |
-primary somatosensory cortex
-body sensation
-contralateral |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:34:54 GMT |
|
| primary motor cortex |
-involved in planning actions and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum)
-skilled, voluntary motor mvt
-contralateral
-in precentral gyrus |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:34:54 GMT |
|
| cerebral cortex |
-integration center for sensory info and decision-making region |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:34:54 GMT |
|
| cranial nerves |
primarily serve the motor and sensory systems of the head and neck region
-no SC involvement |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:34:54 GMT |
|
| midbrain |
-mesencephelon
-controls eye mvt |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:26:43 GMT |
|
| medulla oblongata |
-transition from SC to brain
-gray matter has nuclei that controls BP, breathing, swallowing, vomiting |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:25:43 GMT |
|
| arbor vitae |
-brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum
-cerebellum white matter
-branches like tree |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:25:43 GMT |
|
| cerebellum |
-2nd largest structure in brain
-most nerve cells
-process sensroy info
-coordinate mvt
-somatic receptors in PNS input
-receives motor info from cerebrum |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:25:43 GMT |
|
| cerebral aquaduct |
-contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:18:26 GMT |
|
| cerebral puduncles |
-everything in the mesencephelon |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:18:26 GMT |
|
| corpora quadrigemina |
-reflex centers involving vision and hearing
Superior: eye/head mvt for sight
inferior: head/neck mvt for hearing |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:18:26 GMT |
|
| optic chaism |
-optic nerves partially cross
-allows for parts of both eyes that attend to the right visual field to be processed in the left visual system in the brain, and vice versa |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:18:26 GMT |
|
| melatonin |
-synchronizes the circadian clock to environmental cycles |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:56:37 GMT |
|
| pineal gland |
-circadian rhythm
-secretes the hormone melatonin |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:56:37 GMT |
|
| hypothalamus |
-beneath thalamus
-homeostasis center
-hunger, thirst, temp, hormone control
-influences ANS
-output first goes to thalamus then effector pathways |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:56:37 GMT |
|
| thalamus |
-receives sensroy fibers from the optic tract, ears, SC, and motor info from teh cerebellum
-projects fibers to the cerebrum, where info is processed
-relay station
-almost all sensory info from lower parts of CNS pass through it
-modifies info-> integration center as well |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:56:37 GMT |
|
| sulcus |
-groove, crevice, or furrow |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:43:36 GMT |
|
| gyrus |
-ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:43:36 GMT |
|
| rhinencephelon |
-rhinencephalon includes the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tract
-smell |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:43:36 GMT |
|
| referred pain |
-pain perceived at a site adjacent to or at a distance from the site of an injury's origin |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:40:41 GMT |
|
| coccygeal nerves |
-spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:12:02 GMT |
|
| sciatic nerve |
-longest and widest single nerve in the body |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:12:02 GMT |
|
| lumbar plexus |
-nervous plexus in the lumbar region of the body |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:12:02 GMT |
|
| cauda equina |
-consists of nerve roots and rootlets from above
-extension of the pia mater of the spinal cord |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:08:29 GMT |
|
| filum terminale |
-delicate filament, about 20 cm. in length, prolonged downward from the apex of the conus medullaris |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:08:29 GMT |
|
| conus medullaris |
-terminal end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar nerves 1 (L1) and 2 (L2). After the spinal cord terminates, the spinal nerves continue as dangling NERVE ROOTS (not nerves as nerves are part of the PNS) called the cauda equina. |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:08:29 GMT |
|
| brachial plexus |
-C5-T1
-muscular innervation of the entire upper limb
-transection causes quadriplegia |
1 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:12:56 GMT |
|
| phrenic nerve |
-C3-C5
-producing contractions of the diaphragm
-transection = fatal |
1 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:13:54 GMT |
|
| cervical plexus |
-Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innervate the back of the head, as well as some neck muscles |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:03:16 GMT |
|
| gray commissure |
-thin strip of gray matter that surrounds the central canal of the spinal cord and, along with the anterior white commissure, connects the two halves of the cord |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:03:16 GMT |
|
| central canal |
-cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord. |
0 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 03:03:16 GMT |
|
| right brain |
-left hand control
-art/music
-imagination
-spacial relationships
-mental images of sight, sound, touch, taste, smell |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| left brain |
-right hand control
-language
-numberic and scientific skills
-reasoning |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| central sulcus |
-postcentral gyrus: maps sensory info
-somatosenseory area: body sensations
-contralateral
-sensory humunculus (lips, fingers, biggest)
-gustatory area: interprets taste
-parietal lobe: somatosensory area; interprets sensory info
-frontal lobe: premotor cortex: memory bank for skilled, repetitive motion
-frontal eye field area: voluntary eye mvts
-Broc's area: motor for speech
-prefrontal cortex: cognition, reasoning
-insular cortex: visceral sensations |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| precentral gyrus |
-primary motor area
-skilled, voluntary mvts
-contralateral (R controls L)
-motor homunculus (face, hands biggest) |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| temporal lobe |
-primary auditory area
AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA (integration, auditory info memory area) |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| OCCUPITAL LOBE |
primary visual area
visual association area (integration, visual memory info) |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| cranial nerves |
-12 pairs
-nerves that communicate directly from brain to body and back
-no SC involvement |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| myeencephalon |
-medulla oblongota: control of basal body functions (heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| metencephalon |
-cerebellum: coordinates muscles mvts; maintains = and posture; grey outer, white (arbor vitae) inner
-4th ventricle |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| mesensephalon |
-corpora quadrigemina: 4 bumps in back of head
-superior colliculi: head and eye mvts for vision
-inferior colliculi: head and trunk mvts for hearing
-cerebral peduncles: supports
-cerebral aquaduct: channel b/w 3rd and 4th ventricle |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| diencephalon |
-thalamus: integration of areas to cerebrum; receives info from SC
-hypothalamus: regulation of hormones (hunger, thirst, temp, hormones)
-3rd ventricle
-pineal gland: circadian rhythm; knows what season it is
-optic chiasm |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| telencephelon |
-sight, smell, hearing, speech , taste, cognitive reasoning
-rhinencephelon: sense of smell; olfactory lobes, bulbs, tracts
-cerebral hemispheres
-gray matter outside, white inside
gyrus: increase surface areas, perikaryon #, thinking power
-sulcus
-corpus collosum: links R&L brains
-2 lateral ventricles |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 19:03:11 GMT |
|
| polio |
-enterovirus of sewage
-destrays ventral horns of SC
-causes paralysis |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:39:04 GMT |
|
| shingles |
-red skin blisters
-caused by herpes zoster vrus (chicken pox) latent in nerve tracts
-stress in old age suppresses immune system |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:39:04 GMT |
|
| dermatones |
-map for body sensations
-each region dictated by specific region of spinal nerves |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:39:03 GMT |
|
| coccygeal nerve |
-way downtown |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| sacral nerves |
-sacral plexus: to upper, lower leg, foot
-sciatic nerve (across butt) |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| Lumbar nerves |
-L1-L5
-conus medullaries: termination of cord at L2
-filum terminale: fibrous CT
-cauda equina begins
-lumbar plexus: to abdomen, upper leg |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| Thoracic nerve |
-T1-T12
-brachial plexus (C5-T1): arm and shoulder muscles |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| cervical nerves |
-Cervicla nerves (C1-C8)
-Cervical Plexus (C1-C5)
-supplies skin, facial muscles, neck, shoulders
-C3-C5 phrenic nerve to diaphragm |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| CTLS |
charlize theron likes sex |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:35:43 GMT |
|
| dura mater |
-thick
-associated w/ veins that drain blood from brain through sinuses
-dense CT
-continuous w/ periosteum of skull |
1 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:41:21 GMT |
|
| -arachoid |
-loosely tied to pia
-subarachnoid space
-has blood vessels
-arachnoid granulations reabsorb CSF |
1 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:40:44 GMT |
|
| pia matter |
-adheres to surface of brain and SC
-arteries that supply blood to brain associate w/ this layer
-forms blood/brain barrier
-choroid plexus: secretes CSF
-550 mL produced/day |
1 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:40:05 GMT |
|
| descending tracts |
-more ventral
-take efferent motor info down |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| ascending tracts |
-more dorsal
-take sensory info up to brain |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| ventral horns |
-contains cell bodies of efferent signals to muscles/glands
-organized into:
-somatic motor
-autonomic nuceli
-efferent fibers leave leave the spinal cord via the ventral root |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| dorsal horns |
-organized into 2 distinct nuclei:
-somatic
-visceral |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| butterfly |
-sensory fibers from dorsal roots synapse w/ interneurons in dorsal horns of grey matter |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| ventral roots |
-carries info from CNS to muscles/glands
-efferent |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| dorsal root ganglion |
-swellings on dorsal roots before they enter cord
-contain cell bodies of sensory neurons |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| dorsal root |
-in each spinal nerve
-carries incoming sensory info
-afferent |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:25:25 GMT |
|
| tracts |
-bundles of axons that connect different regions of CNS
-= to nerves in PNS
-inside CNS |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:04:52 GMT |
|
| white matter |
-myelinated axons + glia
-few cell bodies
-tracts |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:04:52 GMT |
|
| grey matter |
-unmyelinated cell nerve bodies, dendrities, axon terminals
-assembled in organized fashion in brain and SC
-nuclei= clusters of cell bodies in CNS
-perikayon + glia |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 18:04:52 GMT |
|
| nucleus |
-= to gangion
-inside CNS
-Claudate nucleus (important part of the brain's learning and memory system by thalamus) |
2 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 01:33:50 GMT |
|
| ganglia |
-cluster of nerve cell bodies outside CNS
-gray matter |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| Node of ranvier |
-b/w myelin insulated areas
-direct contact w/ extracellular fluid |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| ependymal cells |
-produce cerebral spinal fluid
-create selectively permeable epithelial layer
-separates fluid compartments of CNS |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| microglia |
-phagocytic cells
-immune system surveillance
-reside permanently in CNS
-remove damage cells/foreign invaders |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| Schwann cells |
-myelin of PNS
-neurolemma
-support/insulate axons
-1 cell for single axon |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| satellite cells |
-support of PNS
-nonmyelinating Schwann cell
-supportive capsules around nerve bodies located in ganglia |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| oligodendrocytes |
-myelin of CNS
-support/insulate axons
-1 cells wraps around several axons |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| astrocytes |
-support cells for CNS
-highly branched
-contact blood vessels and neurons
-transfer nutrients b/w the 2
-maintain homeostasis by taking up K+ and neurotransmitters of ECF |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| neuroglia |
-support for neruons
-do not directly particpiate in transmission of electrical signals
-provide structural stability
-provide metabolic support
-maintain homeostasis |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| dendrite |
-incoming info |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| axon |
-outgoing info-convey chemical/electrical signals
-cytoplasm lacks ribosomes/ER
-filled w/ fibers and filaments |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| Nissel Substance (RER) |
-full of robosomes, make neurotransmitters
-the material consisting of granular endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes that occurs in nerve cell bodies and dendrites |
1 |
mcs5109 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 02:49:49 GMT |
|
| perikaryon |
-neuron cell body |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| Efferent |
-motor division
-somatic: CNS motor signals to muscles, voluntary
-ANS, involuntary; signals to heart, smooth muscles, glands
-sympathetic "fight or flight"
-parasympathetic: "repair or repose" |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:29 GMT |
|
| Afferent |
-incoming sensory info
-receptors from somatic and visceral areas |
0 |
mcs5109 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 17:57:28 GMT |
|
