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| What are steroids used for? |
USED AS A VERY POWERFUL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:24:10 GMT |
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| Examples of physical agents? |
HOT/COLD/ELECTRICAL STIM |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:24:10 GMT |
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| Give some examples of Opiates? |
-MORPHINE
-DEMEROL
-CODINE |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:24:10 GMT |
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| Function of acetaminophen? |
-BLOCKS PAIN FROM ONE NERVE TO ANOTHER
-DOES NOT DECREASE SWELLING |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:24:10 GMT |
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| What is the difference between primary and secondary hyperalgesia (to much pain) |
PRIMARY- INCREASED RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL NOXIOUS STIMULI IN THE AREA OF THE INJURY
SECONDARY- INCREASED RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL NOXIOUS STIMULI OUTSIDE THE AREA OF THE INJURY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| Released in the CNS and bind to specific opiate-binding sites in the nervous system? |
ENDORPHINS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| Opiate |
PAIN KILLERS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| Nonnocieptor stimulus is transmitted by? |
A-BETA NERVES |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| The severity of pain is determined by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the T cells? |
GATE THEORY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| RSD? |
REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 21:12:04 GMT |
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| Consists of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems? |
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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True/False
You should never put heat on an acute injury? |
TRUE |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Sensitive to high-intensity mechanical stim, but can also respond to heat or cold? |
A-DELTA FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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True/False
C Fibers transmit more rapidly than A Fibers? |
FALSE
A FIBERS HAVE MYELIN
C FIBERS DON'T |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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True/False
A-Delta Fibers are unmyelinated? |
FALSE |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Known as group III afferents? |
A DELTA |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| What kind of stimuli do C Fibers respond to? |
-MECHANICAL
-THERMAL
-CHEMICAL |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Why do C Fibers transmit action potentials so slowly? |
BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO MYELIN |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| This peripheral nerve pathway is small and unmyelinated? |
C FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Compromise 80% of afferent pain-transmitting fibers? |
C FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| What is an example of an endogenous pain source? |
-HEART ATTACK
-CANCER |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| What is an example of a mechanical stimuli? |
BRICK FALLING ON A FOOT |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| String of beads appearance? |
NOCICEPTORS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Pain killer mechanism? |
OPIOIDS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Associated with physical, psychological and social dysfunction? |
CHRONIC PAIN |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| Continues even after the noxious stimuli are no longer active and when there is no longer any tissue damage or threat of tissue damage? |
CHRONIC PAIN |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:56:11 GMT |
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| What three advantages to PA's have over other pain modifying interventions? |
-LESS SEVERE SIDE EFFECTS
-RISK OF FURTHER INJURY IN MINIMAL
-PATIENTS DO NOT DEVELOP DEPENDENCE ON PA'S. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| Local injections are used for what purposes? |
For relieving pain with local inflammation. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| What is the major difference between NSAIDS and Acetaminophen? |
Acetaminophen has no clinically significant anti inflammatory activity. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| Name some examples of NSAIDS |
-ACETAMINOPHEN
-ASPIRIN
-CELEBREX |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| Why is the long term use of NSAIDS discouraged? |
LONG TERM USE CAN CAUSE GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION AND BLEEDING |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| What are the three modes used to administer medications? |
-MOUTH
-INJECTION
-TRANSDERMALLY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| Name three pain management approaches commonly used today? |
-VISUAL ANALOG SCALE (VAS)
-NUMERIC SCALE
-SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALES |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 20:00:55 GMT |
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| According to the gate theory, what determines whether or not a person perceives pain? |
DETERMINED BY THE BALANCE OF EXCITITORY AND INHIBITORY INPUTS TO THE T CELLS IN THE SPINAL CORD. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| What are the two theories of pain modulation and control? |
-GATE CONTROL THEORY
-THEORY OF ENDOGENOUS OPIATES |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Substance P and receptor activation is thought to be a response to what? |
-TISSUE INJURY
-STRESS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| This is a neurotransmitter mediator that is thought to be involved in the transmission of neuropathic and inflammatory pain? |
SUBSTANCE P |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Impulses sent via the antero-spinothalamic tract are involved in transmission of more ____________,__________ pain and are thought to have stronger association with the disturbing emotions that accompany the pain sensation. |
-PROLONGED
-ACHING |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Impulses relayed via the lateral spinothalamic tract are involved in the transmission of ___________ pain and in ________ of the painful stimulus. |
-SHARP
-LOCALIZATION |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| The anterolateral aspect of the spinal cord can carry pain stimuli as well as what? |
-TEMP
-TOUCH |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| The second order pathways that carry pain stimuli are located primarily in the what? |
ANTEROLATERAL ASPECT OF THE SPINAL CORD |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| What determines whether or not an individual feels pain and the severity of the sensation? |
THE BALANCE OF THE EXCITORY AND INHIBITORY INPUTS. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| What are the two types of nerve fibers that transmit pain to the spinal cord? |
-C FIBERS
-A DELTA FIBERS |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Define Transduction? |
Linear motion in which all parts of a rigid body move parallel to and in the same direction as every part of the body. |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| This theory state that the sensation of pain results from an appropriate frequency or intensity of stimulation of receptors that also respond to other stimuli such as touch, pressure and temperature? |
PATTERN THEORY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| This theory states that the sensation of pain depends on the stimulation of specialized nerve endings that are specialized for each type of transmission? |
SPECIFICITY THEORY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Name the two theories of pain reception and transmission? |
-SPECIFICITY
-PATTERN THEORY |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| Where is pain felt? |
DISTANT FROM IT'S SOURCE |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:52 GMT |
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| What is the most common symptom prompting patients to seek medical attention? |
PAIN |
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MichaelMorano Sun, 31 Jan 2010 19:51:51 GMT |
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