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| shakespearean tragedy |
elements:
- a central person of high rank and quality but with a tragic flaw or weakness
- casually related events that lead character to disaster, at least partly through their tragic flaw
- experience of pity, fear and awe for the audience
- lively action that creates a vivid spectacle
- comic relief to temper or offset sad moods
example: Macbeth; relate to elements |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 20:01:48 GMT |
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| text structures |
the way a literary work is put together
may involve cause-effect relationships or relationship of events in time
example- Shakespeare's relationship among images and patterns of images; patterns of images relating to blood and to babies and children to show the imagery of suffering and fear of the future that these represent |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:56:47 GMT |
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| archetypal images |
relate to ideas and emotions expressed in many cultures
images of banishment from an ideal world
- shrieking, groaning, bleeding
example: when Scotland is described by these archetypal images of banishment; it shows that what once was a well run country is now like hell and that it is suffering |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:56:47 GMT |
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| imagery |
language that writers use to recreate sensory experiences and stir emotions that reinforce themes
example: Shakespeare uses the blood imagery to show the violence of the play and the suffering of the characters
examples are the 4 themes from Macbeth- ill-fitting clothes, blood, children, and birds |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:56:47 GMT |
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| comic relief |
funny scene/character designed to relieve tension
example: the hungover porter grumbling when he is woken up and has to answer the door; this is an example of comic relief because it's a lighthearted scene that comes directly after Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's murder of Duncan |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:56:47 GMT |
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| tragic flaw |
part of hero's character that leads him to make a fatal mistake
example: Macbeth's vaulting ambition and greed were his downfall; they caused him to commit murders in order to be king and eventually lead to his death |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:47:40 GMT |
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| tragic hero |
good, high-ranked person whose downfall is caused by his own flawed behavior
example: Macbeth is a tragic hero because he was a brave and well-respected soldier until he heard the witches' prophecy declaring that he should be king. When this happened, he was overcome by greed to commit murders which led to his downfall |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:47:40 GMT |
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| aside |
a private remark to one character or to the audience that breaks convention because it's understood not to be overheard by others onstage
example: MB is debating the prophecy told to him. Part of it has been proved true because he is now the Thane of Cawdor. He says it can't be bad because it has given him the role of Thane and proven itself true, but it can't be good because it puts murderous thoughts in his head. This is an example of an aside because he is with Banquo when he says this but his murderous thoughts are not overheard |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:47:40 GMT |
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| soliloquy |
long speech expressing private thoughts
delivered by a character alone on stage
reveals thoughts and feelings to the audience but not other characters
example: when Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth about the prophecy and she knows MB will be great but she's afraid he's too kind to become king the quickest way. She wants him to come to her soon so she can convince him to kill Duncan
example 2:
Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan to be over and done with because he feels bad. He's debating killing Duncan- he is his kinsman and subject, Duncan is nice to him and is a generous man and good king, and he is also a guest in his house; this is an example because MB is onstage alone and reveals his anxiety over killing Duncan |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:47:40 GMT |
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| shakespearean sonnet |
14 lines, 5 iambic feet to the line
shakespeare changed structure of petrarchan sonnet
abab cdcd efef gg
3 quatrains (4-lines stanzas)
a rhyming couplet that restates a theme or gives and answer to a problem states in the quatrains
14 rhyming lines, although he uses freedom of syntax (sentence structure)
each quatrain helps develop main problem and the couplet dramatically redefines or restates
example: Sonnets 29, 106, 116, and 130, because they meet all the criteria that define a sonnet |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:46:48 GMT |
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| frame story |
brackets another story of a group of stories
an example: is the canterbury tales, which is a story of pilgrims traveling to canterbury but also includes their own personal tales
individual tales reflect description of story teller's personalities and lives
a tale may have a frame within an inner tale, like the Wife of Bath's Tale, where in her tale about self-same sovereignty she also includes the story of midas and his wife |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:46:48 GMT |
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| allegory |
narratives with literal and deeper, symbolic meanings
appear in poetry, novels, plays, and short stories
example: the pardoner's tale- it is an exemplum against sin of greed- it uses the story to teach against greed because instead of splitting up the gold, the three men were greedy and wanted it for themselves, and they all ended up dead
must be easily understood and remembered
may use archetypal narrative elements (1) things that come in threes (2) test of characters' morality (3) mysterious guide (4) just ending that rewards good and evil
(1) three men (2) testing how they would react to finding the gold (3) they found a mysterious old man who told them where to find the gold (4) they all died in the end because they were greedy and wicked
characters are simple and story understandable because the main purpose is teaching a lesson |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:46:48 GMT |
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| pilgrimage |
long journey to a shrine or holy site, undertaken by people who wish to express their devotion
example: the canterbury tales, where the pilgrims tell tales on a religious journey to canterbury, where st. thomas a becket was murdered |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:46:48 GMT |
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| epic (legendary) hero |
larger than life, upholds values of his culture, great feats
ex: beowulf
why? Beowulf upholds the anglo-saxon values like bravery and strength in battle, he attains great feats by defeating grendel and his mom in an act of friendship towards Hrothgar
Beowulf's boastful self-confidence, his feats of strength, and his victories in battle make him a classic legendary hero;
upholds values of his culture- loyalty, bravery, honor |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:38:00 GMT |
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| epic |
long narrative poem, sometimes developed orally, that celebrates heroic deeds and legendary events
reveals cultural and religious values of the people
common features: serious manner, elevated language, hero battling forces that threaten world order
example: beowulf
why? beowulf is an epic hero, it focuses on his bravery in defeating grendel and grendel's mother and it reveals the key value of the Anglo-Saxon culture |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:38:00 GMT |
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| sonnet 130 |
speaker: someone talking about his love and his imperfections
situation: he is acknowledging that his mistress isn't perfect but he loves her anyway
theme: love overlooks flaws |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:38:00 GMT |
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| sonnet 116 |
theme: the endurance of love
in this sonnet, he is kind of negative, saying what love is not
time is personified
speaker: someone speaking to his love
situation: he is speaking on how time can't change the love he has; he stakes his whole career and the history of love on these statements |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:38:00 GMT |
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| Sonnet 106 |
speaker: someone speaking to his love about how modern poets can't use words to capture her beauty
theme: time, inadequacy of language
ending: old masters would have captured her beauty but modern day poets are unable
key idea: old writings of past beauties are like his love; anything ever written of beauty describes her; modern poets are unable to capture her beauty |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:27:47 GMT |
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| Sonnet 29 |
speaker: a man who feels like an outcast and inferior; in disgrace
situation: he feels sad and disgraced, but he thinks of his love and feels better
theme: transforming power of love |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:27:47 GMT |
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| imagery in Macbeth |
1) blood
2) children
3) clothing
4) birds |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:27:47 GMT |
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| 10 themes of Macbeth |
1) ambition
2) necromancy
3) parricide
4) usurpation
5) losing and winning
6) the language of contradiction
7) guilt
8) envy
9) relationship between thought and action
10) narcissism and self-absorption |
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lherin07 Sun, 13 Dec 2009 18:27:47 GMT |
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