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| Puritan theologian discovered inoculation: purposely infecting with mild cases of diseases to immunize them against the disease |
cotton mather |
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| the state or fact of being the firstborn of children of the same parents |
primogeniture |
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| south carolina 1739, 100 africans seized weapons and killed several whites, and attempted to escape south to florida. they were executed. |
stono's rebellion |
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| the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy |
consumerism |
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| in Northern colonies, soil and weather prevented colonists from producing much agriculture, so many went to industry, which began to flourish |
industrial revolution |
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| 1750 - barred colonists from engaging in metal processing, which stifled the development of steel industry |
Iron Act |
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| an establishment where iron is smelted or where it is cast or wrought |
ironworks |
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| staple crops |
rice, tobacco, indigo, wheat |
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| the journey to american from africa |
middle passage |
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| themes of chapter 3 |
religion, demographic changes, american identity, culture, economic transformations,slavery and its legacies in north america |
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| began when King James raised son as Catholic. Parliament invited king's daughter Mary and husband to assume throne together. they attacked James, who fled. result was colonies revived their representative assembliesand successfully thwarted the plan for colonial unification. they legitimized idea that colonists had some rights within the empire, but were in fact becoming more a part of the imperial system than ever before |
glorious revolution |
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a series of laws designed to restrict England's carrying trade to English ships. became a form of trade protectionism during an era of mercantilism.
1. closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. export only to England
2. all goods being shipped from Europe to colonies had to pass through England, so they can tax them
3. imposed duties on coastal trade among English colonies. enforcement. |
Navigation Acts |
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| assumption that the nation as a whole was the principal actor in the economy, not the individuals within it. the goal should be to increase the nation's total wealth. world's wealth was finite, and could grow rich only at the expense of another. |
mercantilism |
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| leader of founders of Georgia, and a member of Parliament and military hero. |
James Oglethorpe |
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| elaborate coastal trade where merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa; exchanged goods for slaves, whom they then transported to the West Indies (middle passage); exchanged slaves for sugar and molasses, which they shipped back to New England to be distilled into rum. |
triangular trade |
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| english philosopher who aided Ashley Cooper in drawing up the Fundamental Constitution for Carolina in 1669, which created an elaborate system of land distribution and an elaborately designed social order |
john locke |
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| colonization stalled during english civil war, so finally stuart restoration seumed colonization in America with the Carolinas, New Netherland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia |
Restoration |
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| most prolonged and deadly encounter between whites and indians in seventeenth century began in 1675. Wampanoags and chieftain Metacomet became convinced that only armed resistance could protect them from movement of the English into their lands. whites' victory was costly. |
King Philip's War |
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| first major conflict between settlers and natives broke out between connecticut valley settlers and the pequot indians. result of competition between white settlers and pequots over trade with the dutch in new netherland and frictino over land. |
pequot war |
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| openly challenged all ministers in Massachusetts, besides John Cotton and brother in law, causing Governor Winthrop to banish her. public activities of women were even further limited, and other inspired activities were controlled. shows that Puritans are conservative, unwilling to change, and sexist |
anne hutchinson |
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| english theologian and a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state, and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. 1644 received charter creating the colony of Rhode Island. credited for originating either the first or second Baptist church established in American |
Roger Williams |
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| the people of Hardford and of two other newly founded upriver towns, Windsor and Wethersfield, established a colonial government of their own and adopted a constitution that created a government similar to that of Massachusetts Bay, but gave a larger proportion of the men the right to vote and hold office |
fundamental orders of connecticut |
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| a form of government in which a 'god' or 'deity' is recognized as the supreme civil ruler |
theocracy |
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| a type of settlement in which favorites of the British Crown were awarded huge tracts of land in the New World to supervise and develop. |
proprietary colony |
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| phrase massachusetts puritans used to describe their 'purpose' in the New World; wanted to set an example for rest of colonies |
city on a hill |
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| led a group of English Puritans to New World. elected governor in october 1629 |
john winthrop |
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group of Puritan merchants who obtained grant of land in New World to establish a profitable enterprise in North America, but a number of Puritans immigrated with them to greate a haven for Puritans.governor John Winthrop
soon transformed to colonial gov. |
massachusetts bay company |
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| a signed document which established a civil government and proclaimed allegiance to the king. signed by pilgrims. |
mayflower compact |
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| people who seperated from the Church of England |
seperatists |
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| result of political unrest and the competition among eastern and western landowners. boundary between white land and native land was major part. revealed colony's instability and reliance on slave labor |
Bacon's Rebellion |
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| assured freedom of worship to all Christians drafted by Leonard Calver 1649. drafted because of tension between Catholic minority and non-Catholic majority (aka Protestants) |
Act of Toleration |
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used in Jamestown, Virginia as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers. also a way to attract immigrants. virginian colonists each given two headrights of 50 acres, immigrant colonists given one headright, and individuals given one headright each time they paid for the passage of another individual.
-increased division between wealthy landowners and the working poor |
headright system |
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| debt bondage worker under contract of employer for some period of time (three-7 years) in exchange for transportation, food, drink, clothing, lodging, etc. |
indentured servant |
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| first permanent English settlement in America, founded on May 14, 1607 by the Virginia Company |
Jamestown |
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| commercial trading company chartered by King James I of England in April 1606 with the object of colonizing the eastern coast of North America. |
Virginia Company |
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| chapter 2 themes |
religion, demographic changes, american identity, american diversity, environment |
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