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| Tiling |
Making a pattern by placing geometric shapes next to each other. |
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| Tessellation |
Net of congruent, regular polygons. |
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| Pattern |
Repetition of an element in a regular, anticipated sequence with symmetry. |
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| Tessare |
Small cubes of tiles or marble that are used to make a mosaic. |
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| Motif |
Designed unit that is repeated often enough in a composition that it becomes a significant or dominant feature. |
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| Implied shape |
Shape created or suggested by the principle of psychological closure, thus making the viewer see a shape when it does not actually exist. |
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| Negative space |
Unoccupied area of a composition. |
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| Positive space |
The creation and/or combination of elements produces an objective or non-objective figure or field against a ground. |
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| Distortion |
Departure from accepted ratio of proportions or accepted depiction of an object. |
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| Proportion |
Compares objects with each other in size, emphasis or quantity. Can be a ratio or just a relative value. |
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| Hieractic scale |
Making an object or person much larger in scale than other objects or people in the picture. Used in art history to depict saints or kings. |
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| Shifting scale |
Making an object or shape larger or smaller. |
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| Scale |
Ratio of the proportions and dimensions of a drawn object or scene to those of the original. |
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| Size |
Physical or relative dimensions of an object or shape. |
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| Silhouette |
Area bounded by the contours of an object that has used dramatic value contrast to emphasize it. |
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| Ground |
Unoccupied space in a picture; negative space. |
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| Figure |
Recognizable object that is being depicted. Positive space. |
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| Plane |
A continuous surface limited by edges. |
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| Volume |
Illusion of enclosed space surrounded by or implied by a shape or form, and the space immediately adjacent to it. |
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| Mass |
Apparent solidity of a shape, created by shading or overlapping. |
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| Form |
The apparent three-dimensionality of an artistic object. Or, the composition and structure of a work as a whole. |
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| Amorphous shapes |
Formless and indistinct shape without obvious edges (ex. clouds). |
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| Biomorphic shapes |
Shapes based on single-cell organisms, such as amoebas, found in nature. |
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| Curvilinear shapes |
Shapes based on organic shapes found in nature. |
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| Rectilinear shapes |
Subset of geometric shapes based on lines, usually parallel horizontally or vertically. |
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| Geometric shapes |
Simple, mechanical shapes based on mathematics (ex. triangles, rectangles, squares). |
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| Shape |
An enclosed area identifiable independent of the background, bounded by outline or a change in value or texture. Two-dimensional, it has length and width but no depth. Can exist on a plane other than the picture plane. |
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